Dị ka anyị niile maara, mineral ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na China bụ nke mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara ụwa dị obere, nke lanthanum na cerium nwere ihe karịrị 60%. Site na mgbasawanye nke ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide nke ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa, ntụ ntụ na-adịghị ahụkebe na ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na ụlọ ọrụ ọla na China kwa afọ, ọchịchọ maka ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na ahịa ụlọ na-abawanye ngwa ngwa. Achọpụtara na ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ụwa na-egosi arụmọrụ catalytic dị mma na ịdị irè na usoro mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ n'ihi nhazi shei elektrọn 4f pụrụ iche. Ya mere, iji ụwa dị ụkọ dị ka ihe na-akpata catalytic bụ ụzọ dị mma maka ojiji nke akụrụngwa ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe. Catalyst bụ ụdị ihe nwere ike ime ka mmeghachi omume kemịkal mee ngwa ngwa ma anaghị eri ya tupu ya emee ya. Ịkwado nchọpụta bụ isi nke catalysis ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ịkwalite nrụpụta mmepụta ihe, kamakwa ịzọpụta akụrụngwa na ume ma belata mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi, nke kwekọrọ na atụmatụ atụmatụ nke mmepe mmepe.
Kedu ihe kpatara ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ụwa nwere ọrụ catalytic?
Ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa nwere usoro eletrọnịkị pụrụ iche (4f), nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka atọm etiti nke mgbagwoju anya ma nwee ọnụọgụ nhazi dị iche iche sitere na 6 ruo 12. Mgbanwe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nhazi nke ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa na-ekpebi na ha nwere "valence residual". N'ihi na 4f nwere asaa ndabere valence eletrọn orbitals nwere bonding ike, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke "ndabere chemical bond" ma ọ bụ " residual valence "Ikike a dị mkpa maka a nkịtị catalyst. Ya mere, ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa ọ bụghị nanị na-enwe ọrụ catalytic, kamakwa enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbakwunye ma ọ bụ cocatalysts iji meziwanye ọrụ catalytic nke ndị na-eme ihe, karịsịa ikike mgbochi ịka nká na ikike nsị.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọrụ nano cerium oxide na nano lanthanum oxide n'ịgwọ iyuzucha ụgbọala aghọwo ihe ọhụrụ a na-elekwasị anya.
Ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ na iyuzucha ụgbọ ala gụnyere CO, HC na NOx. Uwa a na-adịghị ahụkebe a na-eji eme ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha ikuku ụgbọ ala ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe bụ ngwakọta nke cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide na lanthanum oxide. Ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-ekpochapụ ụgbọ ala ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe mejupụtara oxides dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na cobalt, manganese na led. Ọ bụ ụdị nke ternary catalyst na perovskite, ụdị spinel na nhazi, nke cerium oxide bụ isi ihe dị mkpa. N'ihi njirimara redox nke cerium oxide, ihe ndị na-emepụta gas nwere ike ịchịkwa nke ọma.
Ihe na-eme ka ike iyuzucha ụgbọ ala na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke seramiiki (ma ọ bụ igwe) ebu mmanụ aṅụ na mkpuchi elu na-arụ ọrụ. Ihe mkpuchi a na-arụ ọrụ bụ nnukwu mpaghara γ-Al2O3, ọnụọgụ oxide kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịkwado ebe elu na metal na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma gbasasịrị na mkpuchi ahụ. Iji belata oriri nke pt na RH dị oke ọnụ, mụbaa oriri nke Pd dị ọnụ ala ma belata ọnụ ahịa nke ihe na-akpata, N'ihe gbasara ịghara ibelata arụmọrụ nke ihe na-eme ka ikuku iyuzucha ụgbọ ala, a na-agbakwunye ụfọdụ CeO2 na La2O3 n'ime mkpuchi ịgbalite nke Pt-Pd-Rh ternary ternary nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe. A na-eji La2O3(UG-La01) na CeO2 mee ihe dị ka ndị na-akwalite nkwalite arụmọrụ nke γ- Al2O3 na-akwado ihe ndị na-eme ka metal dị mma. Dị ka nnyocha, CeO2, The isi usoro nke La2O3 na mma metal catalysts bụ dị ka ndị a:
1. melite ọrụ catalytic nke mkpuchi na-arụ ọrụ site n'ịgbakwunye CeO2 iji mee ka ihe ndị dị na metal dị oké ọnụ ahịa na-agbasasị na mkpuchi na-arụ ọrụ, ka ịzenarị mbelata nke catalytic lattice point na mmebi nke ọrụ nke sintering kpatara. Ịgbakwunye CeO2 (UG-Ce01) n'ime Pt / γ-Al2O3 nwere ike ịgbasa na γ-Al2O3 na otu oyi akwa (oke ego nke mgbasa ozi otu-layer bụ 0.035g CeO2 / g γ-Al2O3), nke na-agbanwe ihe ndị dị n'elu nke γ-Al2O3 ma na-eme ka dispersion na-emechi ma ọ bụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọkwa nke CeO2 na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị na ya. ọnụ ụzọ, ogo mgbasa ozi nke Pt ruru nke kachasị elu. Ọnụ ụzọ mgbasa ozi nke CeO2 bụ usoro kachasị mma nke CeO2. Na ọxịdashọn ikuku n'elu 600 ℃, Rh tụfuru ya ebighị n'ihi guzobe nke siri ike ngwọta n'etiti Rh2O3 na Al2O3. Ịdị adị nke CeO2 ga-ebelata mmeghachi omume n'etiti Rh na Al2O3 ma mee ka Rh rụọ ọrụ. La2O3 (UG-La01) nwekwara ike igbochi uto nke Pt ultrafine particles. Ịgbakwunye CeO2 na La2O3 (UG-La01) na Pd / γ 2al2o3, a chọpụtara na mgbakwunye nke CeO2 kwalitere mgbasa nke Pd na onye na-ebu ya wee mepụta mbelata synergistic. Mgbasa dị elu nke Pd na mmekọrịta ya na CeO2 na Pd/γ2Al2O3 bụ isi ihe na-eme ka ọrụ dị elu nke ihe na-akpali akpali.
2. Nchekwa onwe-gbanwee ikuku-mmanụ (aπ f) Mgbe mmalite okpomọkụ nke ụgbọ ala ahụ na-ebili, ma ọ bụ mgbe ọnọdụ ịnya ụgbọ ala na ọsọ na-agbanwe, ọnụego iyuzucha na ikuku gas na-agbanwe, nke na-eme ka ọnọdụ ọrụ nke ikuku gas na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbe niile ma na-emetụta ọrụ catalytic ya. Ọ dị mkpa iji dozie π mmanụ ụgbọala ruru nke ikuku na stoichiometric ratio nke 1415 ~ 1416, nke mere na catalyst nwere ike inye zuru play na ya dị ọcha ọrụ. Mgbe nha A π F gbanwere, CeO2 nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị oke mma n'ịgbanwe oke ikuku na mmanụ ọkụ. Nke ahụ bụ, a na-ahapụ O2 mgbe mmanụ ọkụ na-ejupụta iji nyere CO na hydrocarbon oxidize aka; Ọ bụrụ na ikuku karịrị akarị, CeO2-x na-arụ ọrụ mbelata ma na-emeghachi omume na NOx iji wepụ NOx na ikuku ikuku iji nweta CeO2.
3. Mmetụta nke cocatalyst Mgbe ngwakọta nke aπ f dị na stoichiometric ratio, e wezụga oxidation mmeghachi omume nke H2, CO, HC na Mbelata mmeghachi omume nke NOx, CeO2 dị ka cocatalyst nwekwara ike mee ngwangwa nke mmiri gas Mbugharị na uzuoku reforming mmeghachi omume na-ebelata ọdịnaya nke CO na HC. La2O3 nwere ike imeziwanye mgbanwe mgbanwe na mmiri gas njem mmeghachi omume na hydrocarbon uzuoku reforming mmeghachi omume. The emepụtara hydrogen bara uru na NOx Mbelata. Na-agbakwụnye La2O3 na Pd/ CeO2 -γ-Al2O3 maka mmebi nke methanol, a chọpụtara na mgbakwunye nke La2O3 gbochiri mmepụta nke dimethyl ether site na ngwaahịa ma kwalite ọrụ catalytic nke ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Mgbe ọdịnaya nke La2O3 bụ 10%, onye na-eme ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ntụgharị methanol ruru kacha elu (ihe dịka 91.4%). Nke a na-egosi na La2O3 nwere ezi dispersion on γ-Al2O3 carrier. Ọzọkwa, ọ kwalitere dispersion nke CeO2 on γ2Al2O3 ụgbọelu na Mbelata nnukwu oxygen, n'ihu mma dispersion nke Pd na n'ihu enwekwukwa mmekọrịta n'etiti Pd na CeO2, si otú ahụ na-emeziwanye catalyst ọrụ nke catallyst.
Dabere na njirimara nke nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi ugbu a na usoro iji ume ọhụrụ, China kwesịrị ịzụlite ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa na-enweghị ikike nwere ikike ọgụgụ isi nke onwe ha, nweta ọrụ nke ọma nke akụrụngwa ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, na-akwalite mmepụta teknụzụ nke ihe catalytic ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, ma ghọta ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke ụyọkọ mmepụta ihe dị elu dị ka ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, gburugburu ebe obibi na ike ọhụrụ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ngwaahịa ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-enye gụnyere nano zirconia, nano titania, nano alumina, nano aluminum hydroxide, nano zinc oxide, nano silicon oxide, nano magnesium oxide, nano magnesium hydroxide, nano ọla kọpa oxide, nano yttrium oxide, nano cerium oxide nano yttrium oxide, nano cerium oxide, nano lanthanum tunrrooxide, nano lanthanum oxide, nano lanthanum oxide, nano lanthanum ferrooxide oxide, nano antibacterial agent na graphene.Adịmma ngwaahịa ahụ kwụsiri ike, ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche zụtara ya na batches.
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Oge nzipu: Jul-04-2022