Usoro mmịpụta Barium

(1) Nkwadebe nke barium oxide 

A ga-ebu ụzọ họrọ mmanụ barite dị elu ma were ya na-ese n'elu mmiri, mgbe ahụ, a ga-ewepụ ígwè na silicon iji nweta ihe ntinye nke nwere ihe karịrị 96% barium sulfate. A na-agwakọta ntụ ntụ nke nwere ihe na-erughị ntupu 20 na coal ma ọ bụ mmanụ ala coke ntụ ntụ n'ogo 4: 1, wee rie ya na 1100 ℃ n'ime ọkụ reverberatory. A na-ebelata barium sulfate ka ọ bụrụ barium sulfide (nke a na-akpọkarị "ash black"), a na-eji mmiri ọkụ na-agbanye ihe ngwọta barium sulfide enwetara. Iji gbanwee barium sulfide ka ọ bụrụ mmiri ozuzo barium carbonate, ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye sodium carbonate ma ọ bụ carbon dioxide na ngwọta mmiri barium sulfide. Enwere ike nweta Barium oxide site na ịgwakọta barium carbonate na ntụ ntụ carbon na calcining ya n'elu 800 ℃. Ekwesiri ighota na barium oxide na-aputa ihe ka o guzobe barium peroxide na 500-700 ℃, na barium peroxide nwere ike ime ka o guzobe barium oxide na 700-800 ℃. Ya mere, iji zere mmepụta nke barium peroxide, ngwaahịa calcined kwesịrị ka ọ dị jụụ ma ọ bụ menyụọ n'okpuru nchebe nke gas inert. 

(2) Usoro mbelata aluminom iji mepụta barium ọla 

N'ihi ihe dị iche iche, enwere mmeghachi omume abụọ nke aluminom na-ebelata barium oxide:

6BaO+2Al→3BaO•Al2O3+3Ba↑

Ma ọ bụ: 4BaO+2Al→BaO•Al2O3+3Ba↑

Na 1000-1200 ℃, mmeghachi omume abụọ a na-emepụta obere barium, yabụ, achọrọ mgbapụta agụụ ka ọ na-ebufe vapor barium site na mpaghara mmeghachi omume na mpaghara condensation ka mmeghachi omume wee nọgide na-aga n'ihu n'aka nri. Ihe fọdụrụ mgbe mmeghachi omume ahụ na-egbu egbu ma dị mkpa ka a gwọọ ya tupu enwee ike ịtụfu ya.

Nkwadebe nke ogige barium nkịtị 

(1) Usoro nkwadebe nke barium carbonate 

① Usoro carbonization

Usoro carbonization na-agụnye ịgwakọta barite na coal n'otu akụkụ, na-egwepịa ha n'ime kiln rotary na calcining na ibelata ha na 1100-1200 ℃ iji nweta barium sulfide gbazee. A na-ewebata carbon dioxide n'ime barium sulfide ngwọta maka carbonization, mmeghachi omume ya bụ nke a:

BaS+CO2+H2O=BaCO3+H2S

A na-ehichapụ barium carbonate slurry enwetara, na-asa ya ma kpochaa ya, wee kpoo ya ma gwerie ya na 300 ℃ iji nweta ngwaahịa barium carbonate emechara. Usoro a dị mfe na nhazi yana ọnụ ala, ya mere ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta na-anabata ya.

② Usoro ire ere ugboro abụọ

Barium sulfide na ammonium carbonate na-enweta mmeghachi omume decomposition okpukpu abụọ, mmeghachi omume ya bụ:

BaS+(NH4)2CO3=BaCO3+(NH4)2S

Ma ọ bụ barium chloride na-emeghachi omume na potassium carbonate, mmeghachi omume ya bụ nke a:

BaCl2+K2CO3=BaCO3+2KCl

A na-asacha ngwaahịa a nwetara site na mmeghachi omume ahụ, kpochaa, akpọnwụ, wdg iji nweta ngwaahịa barium carbonate agwụla.

③ Barium carbonate usoro

A na-eji nnu ammonium emeghachi ntụ ntụ Barium carbonate iji mepụta nnu barium soluble, na ammonium carbonate na-emegharịgharị. A na-etinye nnu barium soluble na ammonium carbonate iji mee ka barium carbonate a nụchara anụcha, nke a na-enyocha ma kpọọ nkụ iji mee ngwaahịa a rụchara. Na mgbakwunye, mmanya nne enwetara nwere ike ịmegharị ya. Mmeghachi omume bụ dị ka ndị a:

BaCO3+2HCl=BaCl2+H2O+CO2

BaCl2+2NH4OH=Ba(OH)2+2NH4Cl

Ba(OH)2+CO2=BaCO3+H2O 

(2) Usoro nkwadebe nke barium titanate 

① Usoro nke siri ike

Enwere ike nweta Barium titanate site na calcining barium carbonate na titanium dioxide, na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ nwere ike itinye n'ime ya. Mmeghachi omume bụ dị ka ndị a:

TiO2 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2↑

② Usoro ndakọrịta

A na-agwakọta Barium chloride na titanium tetrachloride ma gbazee n'otu nha, kpoo ọkụ ruo 70 Celsius, wee tinye oxalic acid dropwise iji nweta hydrated barium titanyl oxalate [BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O], nke a na-asacha, akpọnwụ, wee pyrolyzed iji nweta barium titanate. Mmeghachi omume bụ dị ka ndị a:

BaCl2 + TiCl4 + 2H2C2O4 + 5H2O = BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O↓ + 6HCl

BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O = BaTiO3 + 2CO2↑ + 2CO↑ + 4H2O

Mgbe emechara metatitanic acid, a na-agbakwunye ihe ngwọta barium chloride, wee gbakwunye ammonium carbonate n'okpuru mkpali iji mepụta coprecipitate nke barium carbonate na metatitanic acid, nke a na-edobe iji nweta ngwaahịa ahụ. Mmeghachi omume bụ dị ka ndị a:

BaCl2 + (NH4)2CO3 = BaCO3 + 2NH4Cl

H2TiO3 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2↑ + H2O 

(3) Nkwadebe nke barium chloride 

Usoro mmepụta nke barium chloride na-agụnye usoro hydrochloric acid, usoro barium carbonate, usoro calcium chloride na usoro magnesium chloride dịka ụzọ dị iche iche ma ọ bụ akụrụngwa siri dị.

① Hydrochloric acid usoro. Mgbe a na-agwọ barium sulfide na hydrochloric acid, mmeghachi omume bụ isi bụ:

BaS+2HCI=BaCl2+H2S↑+Q