Dị ka alloy ọkụ nke dị oké mkpa maka akụrụngwa njem ụgbọ elu, akụrụngwa macroscopic nke aluminum alloy nwere njikọ chiri anya na microstructure ya. Site n'ịgbanwe ihe ndị bụ isi alloying na aluminum alloy Ọdịdị, microstructure nke aluminum alloy nwere ike gbanwee, na macroscopic n'ibu Njirimara na ndị ọzọ Njirimara (dị ka corrosion iguzogide na ịgbado ọkụ arụmọrụ) nke ihe onwunwe nwere ike budata mma. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, microalloying aghọwo atụmatụ mmepe teknụzụ kachasị mma maka ịkwalite microstructure nke aluminom alloys na imeziwanye njirimara zuru oke nke ihe aluminom alloy.Scandium(Sc) bụ ihe nkwalite microalloying kacha arụ ọrụ mara maka alloys aluminum. Solubility nke scandium na matrix aluminom bụ ihe na-erughị 0.35 wt.%, Ịgbakwunye akara nke scandium element na aluminom alloys nwere ike imeziwanye microstructure ha nke ọma, na-eme ka ike ha, ike, plasticity, nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ, na nkwụsị corrosion. Scandium nwere ọtụtụ mmetụta anụ ahụ na aluminom alloys, gụnyere ihe ngwọta siri ike na-ewusi ike, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị ike, na mgbochi nke recrystallization. Isiokwu a ga-ewebata mmepe akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọganihu ọhụrụ, na ngwa nwere ike nke scandium nwere alloys aluminum n'ọhịa nke mmepụta ngwá ọrụ ụgbọ elu.
Nnyocha na mmepe nke Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Mgbakwunye nke scandium dị ka ihe na-emepụta ihe na alloy aluminum nwere ike ịchọta azụ na 1960s. N'oge ahụ, a rụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ahụ na ọnụọgụ abụọ Al Sc na ternary AlMg Sc alloy system. Na 1970s, Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and the All Russian Institute of Light Alloy Research mere nnyocha nhazi usoro na ụdị na usoro nke scandium na aluminum alloys. Mgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri anọ nke mgbalị, 14 akara ule aluminum scandium alloys ka emepụtara na usoro atọ dị mkpa (Al Mg Sc, Al Li Sc, Al Zn Mg Sc). Ihe solubility nke scandium atom na aluminom dị ala, na site na iji usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị, nnukwu njupụta Al3Sc nano nwere ike ịmalite. Oge mmiri ozuzo a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okirikiri, yana obere irighiri ihe na nkesa agbasasị, ma nwee mmekọrịta dị mma na matrix aluminom, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ike okpomọkụ ụlọ nke aluminom alloys. Na mgbakwunye, Al3Sc nano precipitates nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ na nkwụsi ike na oke okpomọkụ (n'ime 400 ℃), nke bara ezigbo uru maka nguzogide okpomọkụ siri ike nke alloy. Na Russian mere aluminum scandium alloys, 1570 alloy adọtala mmasị dị ukwuu n'ihi ike ya kachasị elu na ngwa kachasị ukwuu. Alloy a na-egosipụta ọmarịcha arụmọrụ na oke okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke -196 ℃ ruo 70 ℃ ma nwee superplasticity eke, nke nwere ike dochie Russian mere LF6 aluminum alloy (ihe aluminum magnesium alloy tumadi esịnede aluminum, magnesium, ọla kọpa, manganese, na silicon) maka ibu-agba ịgbado ọkụ Ọdịdị na mmiri mmiri oxygen ọkara, na budata mma arụmọrụ. Na mgbakwunye, Russia ewepụtala aluminum zinc magnesium scandium alloys, nke 1970 nọchiri anya ya, nwere ike ihe karịrị 500MPa.
Ọnọdụ nrụpụta ọrụ nkeAluminom Scandium Alloy
Na 2015, European Union wepụtara "European Metallurgical Roadmap: atụmanya maka ndị nrụpụta na ndị ọrụ njedebe", na-atụ aro ịmụ weldability nke aluminom.magnesium scandium alloys. Na Septemba 2020, European Union weputara ndepụta akụrụngwa akụrụngwa 29, gụnyere scandium. Ihe 5024H116 aluminom magnesium scandium alloy nke Ale Aluminum mepụtara na Germany nwere ọkara na ike dị elu na nkwụsị mmebi dị elu, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mma maka akpụkpọ anụ fuselage. Enwere ike iji ya dochie usoro ọdịnala 2xxx ọdịnala aluminom wee tinye ya na Airbus 'AIMS03-01-055 akwụkwọ ịzụrụ ihe. 5028 bụ ọkwa dị elu nke 5024, dabara adaba maka ịgbado ọkụ laser na mgbado ọkụ esemokwu. Ọ nwere ike nweta usoro nhazi nke hyperbolic integral mgbidi panel, nke na-eguzogide corrosion na-adịghị achọ aluminum mkpuchi. E jiri ya tụnyere 2524 alloy, n'ozuzu mgbidi panel Ọdịdị nke fuselage nwere ike nweta a 5% structural mbelata ibu. Ejiri mpempe akwụkwọ AA5024-H116 aluminum scandium alloy nke ụlọ ọrụ Aili Aluminom mepụtara iji rụpụta fuselage ụgbọ elu na ihe nhazi ụgbọ elu. Thedị ọkpụrụkpụ nke AA5024-H116 alloy mpempe akwụkwọ bụ 1.6mm ka 8.0mm, na n'ihi na ya ala njupụta, agafeghị oke n'ibu Njirimara, elu corrosion iguzogide, na siri akụkụ iche iche, ọ nwere ike dochie 2524 alloy dị ka fuselage akpụkpọ ihe. Ugbu a, akwụkwọ alloy AA5024-H116 ka Airbus AIMS03-04-055 kwadoro ya. Na December 2018, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology nke China weputara "Nduzi Katalọgụ maka Ihe Ngosipụta Ngwa nke Mbụ nke Abụọ nke Isi Ihe Ọhụrụ (2018 Edition)", nke gụnyere "oke-dị ọcha scandium oxide" na katalọgụ mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe ọhụrụ. Na 2019, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology nke China weputara "Nduzi katalọgụ maka ngwa mbụ nke ihe ngosi nke isi ihe ọhụrụ (2019 Edition)", nke gụnyere "Sc nwere ihe nhazi alloy alloy na Al Si Sc welding wires" na katalọgụ mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe ọhụrụ. China Aluminum Group Northeast Light Alloy ewepụtala Al Mg Sc Zr usoro 5B70 alloy nwere scandium na zirconium. E jiri ya tụnyere usoro ọdịnala Al Mg 5083 alloy na-enweghị scandium na zirconium, mkpụrụ ya na ike tensile abawanyela karịa 30%. Ọzọkwa, Al Mg Sc Zr alloy nwere ike idowe ihe mgbochi corrosion yiri nke 5083 alloy. Ugbu a, isi ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ na ulo oru ọkwaaluminum scandium alloyike mmepụta bụ Northeast Light Alloy Company na Southwest Aluminum Industry. Mpempe akwụkwọ 5B70 aluminom scandium alloy buru ibu mepụtara site na Northeast Light Alloy Co., Ltd. nwere ike ịnye nnukwu efere aluminom alloy nwere oke ọkpụrụkpụ nke 70mm na obosara kachasị nke 3500mm; Enwere ike ịhazi ngwaahịa mpempe akwụkwọ na ngwaahịa profaịlụ maka mmepụta, yana oke nha nke 2mm ruo 6mm yana obosara kachasị nke 1500mm. Aluminom Southwest ewepụtala ihe dị 5K40 n'onwe ya wee nwee ọganihu dị ukwuu na mmepe nke efere dị nro. Al Zn Mg alloy bụ ihe na-eme ka oge sie ike na ike dị elu, arụmọrụ nhazi dị mma, yana arụmọrụ ịgbado ọkụ dị mma. Ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa dị mkpa ma dị mkpa n'ime ụgbọ ala ụgbọ njem dị ugbu a dịka ụgbọ elu. Na ndabere nke ọkara ike weldable AlZn mg, na-agbakwunye scandium na zirconium alloy ọcha nwere ike na-etolite obere na chụgara Al3 (Sc, Zr) nanoparticles na microstructure, budata mma n'ibu Njirimara na nrụgide corrosion iguzogide alloy. Langley Research Center nke NASA ewepụtala ternary aluminum scandium alloy na ọkwa C557, nke dị njikere itinye n'ọrụ na ọrụ nlereanya. The static ike, mgbape propagation, na mgbaji siri ike nke alloy a na obere okpomọkụ (-200 ℃), ụlọ okpomọkụ, na elu okpomọkụ (107 ℃) niile hà ma ọ bụ mma karịa nke 2524 alloy. Mahadum Northwwest dị na United States ewepụtala AlZn Mg Sc alloy 7000 series ultra-high ike aluminum alloy, nke nwere ike ike ruru 680MPa. Ụkpụrụ nke mmepe nkwonkwo n'etiti ọkara ike aluminum scandium alloy na ultra-high ike Al Zn Mg Sc ka emebela. Al Zn Mg Cu Sc alloy bụ aluminom alloy siri ike nke nwere ike ike karịa 800 MPa. Ugbu a, ndị nominal mejupụtara na isi arụmọrụ parameters nke isi akara ule nkealuminum scandium alloyAchịkọtara dị ka ndị a, dị ka e gosiri na Tebụl 1 na 2.
Isiokwu 1 | Ngwakọta ọnụ nke Aluminom Scandium Alloy
Tebụl 2 | Ngwongwo Microstructure na Ihe Nrụgide nke Aluminom Scandium Alloy
Atụmanya ngwa nke aluminum scandium alloy
A na-etinye alloys dị elu Al Zn Mg Cu Sc na Al CuLi Sc na akụrụngwa na-ebu ibu, gụnyere ụgbọ elu ndị agha Russia MiG-21 na MiG-29. The dashboard nke Russia ugboelu "Mars-1" mere nke 1570 aluminum scandium alloy, na a ngụkọta arọ mbelata nke 20% The ibu-ebu components nke ngwá modul nke Mars-96 ugboelu bụ nke 1970 aluminum alloy nwere scandium, ibelata arọ nke ngwá ọrụ modul mụụrụ 10%. Integrated cargo hold door design, nnyocha na mmepe, n'ichepụta, na echichi ule flights maka A321 ugbo elu dabere na nọchiri ọkwa AA5028-H116 aluminum scandium alloy nke 5024 aluminum scandium alloys nọchitere anya AA5028 gosipụtara magburu onwe nhazi na ịgbado ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke aluminom na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Alloy ihe. The gradual mmejuputa iwu nke "welding kama riveting" na ụgbọ elu mesikwuru mkpa efere owuwu ọ bụghị nanị na-ejigide agbanwe agbanwe nke ụgbọ elu ihe na structural iguzosi ike n'ezi, iru oru oma na ala-eri n'ichepụta, ma nwekwara arọ Mbelata na sealing mmetụta. ike kenha, na akara nke ịgbado ọkụ residual stress Ọ kwadebere aluminum scandium alloy adaptive ịgbado ọkụ waya, na nkwonkwo ike ọnụọgụ nke esemokwu ịkpali ịgbado ọkụ n'ihi na oké efere na alloy nwere ike iru 0.92 China Academy of Space Technology, Central South University, na ndị ọzọ na-eduziri ọtụtụ n'ibu arụmọrụ ule na usoro nnwale na 5B70 ihe, kwalite na 5 iterated ihe na-eme atụmatụ. 5B70 aluminum alloy ka isi ihe owuwu nke mkpokọta mesikwuru mgbidi ụlọ nke oghere ọdụ si akara ụlọ na nloghachi n'ozuzu mgbidi panel nke efere Ọdịdị pressurized ụlọ e mere na a Nchikota akpụkpọ na mkwado ọgịrịga, nweta elu structural mwekota na arọ njikarịcha Ọ bụ ezie na-emeziwanye n'ozuzu siri ike na ike, ọ na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwa ngwa na mgbagwoju anya 5B70 ihe injinia, ojiji nke 5B70 ihe ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye na gafere kacha nta ọkọnọ ọnụ ụzọ, nke ga-enyere hụ na-aga n'ihu mmepụta na kwụsiri ike nke akụrụngwa, na budata ibelata raw material price Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ihe onwunwe nke aluminum alloys e mma site scandium microalloying, na elu price na ụkọ nke aluminom na-amachi ngwa nso nke aluminom Alloys alloys ZnMg, scandium nwere ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, nguzogide corrosion, na njirimara nhazi dị mma, nke na-eme ka ha nwee atụmanya dị ukwuu n'ichepụta ihe ndị dị na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị ka ikuku ikuku na-aga n'ihu na nyocha nke nyocha na teknụzụ microalloying na nkwalite nke ọkọnọ na yinye ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-eme ka ihe dị mma nke aluminom keukwu n'ibu Njirimara, corrosion iguzogide, na magburu onwe nhazi e ji mara aluminom scandium alloys na-eme ka ha nwere doro anya structural arọ mbenata uru na mbara ngwa ikike na ubi nke ụgbọ elu akụrụngwa n'ichepụta.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 29-2024