Ime Anwansi Rare Ụwa Element: “Eze nke Igwe Ọdụdọ na-adịgide adịgide”-Neodymium

bastnasite

Neodymium, nọmba atomic 60, atomic arọ 144.24, nwere ọdịnaya nke 0.00239% na jikọrọ ọnụ, bụ nke kachasị na monazite na bastnaesite. Enwere isotopes asaa nke neodymium na okike: neodymium 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148 na 150, nke neodymium 142 nwere ọdịnaya kachasị elu. Site na ọmụmụ praseodymium, neodymium malitere. Ọbịbịa nke neodymium mere ka ubi ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe rụọ ọrụ ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na ya. Na-emetụtakwa ahịa ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe.

Nchọpụta Neodymium

Karl Orvon Welsbach (1858-1929), onye chọpụtara neodymium

N'afọ 1885, onye Austrian chemist Carl Orvon Welsbach Carl Auer von Welsbach chọpụtara neodymium na Vienna. Ọ kewapụrụ neodymium na praseodymium na ihe neodymium symmetrical site na ikewapụ na kristal ammonium nitrate tetrahydrate na nitric acid, ma n'otu oge ahụ kewapụrụ ya site na nyocha spectral, mana e kewaghị ya n'ụdị dị ọcha ruo 1925.

Kemgbe 1950s, neodymium dị ọcha (karịa 99%) bụ nke enwetara site na usoro mgbanwe ion nke monazite. A na-enweta metal n'onwe ya site na electrolyzing ya halide nnu. Ugbu a, a na-ewepụta ọtụtụ neodymium na (Ce,La,Nd,Pr)CO3F na basta Nathanite wee sachaa ya site na mmịpụta ihe mgbaze. N'ihi na ọ na-esiri ike iwepu akara ikpeazụ nke praseodymium n'oge a na-emepụta ihe na-adabere na teknụzụ crystallization nzọụkwụ, iko neodymium nke mbụ arụpụtara na 1930 nwere agba odo odo dị ọcha. na ụda agba uhie ma ọ bụ oroma karịa ụdị nke oge a.

Neodymium metal

Metallic neodymium nwere luster ọla ọcha na-egbuke egbuke, ebe mgbaze nke 1024°C, njupụta nke 7.004 g/cm, na paramagnetism. Neodymium bụ otu n'ime ọla ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa na-arụsi ọrụ ike, nke na-agbaze ngwa ngwa ma na-agba ọchịchịrị n'ikuku, wee mepụta oyi akwa oxide wee wepụ ya, na-ekpughe metal ahụ ka ọ bụrụ oxidation ọzọ. Ya mere, ihe nlele neodymium nwere nha nke otu centimita na-ekpochapụ kpamkpam n'ime otu afọ. Ọ na-emeghachi nwayọọ nwayọọ na mmiri oyi na ngwa ngwa na mmiri ọkụ.

Nhazi eletrọnịkị Neodymium

Nhazi eletrọnịkị:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4

Arụ ọrụ laser nke neodymium bụ mgbanwe nke 4f ​​orbital electrons n'etiti ọkwa ike dị iche iche. A na-eji ihe laser a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na nkwurịta okwu, nchekwa ozi, ọgwụgwọ ahụike, machining, wdg N'ime ha, yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12: Nd (YAG: Nd) na-ejikarị arụ ọrụ dị mma, na Nd-doped gadolinium scandium gallium garnet nwere elu. arụmọrụ.

Ngwa nke Neodymium

Onye kasị ukwuu nke neodymium bụ ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide NdFeB. A na-akpọ ndọta NdFeB “eze ndọta na-adịgide adịgide” n'ihi ngwaahịa ike magnetik ya dị elu. A na-eji ya na ngwa elektrọnik, igwe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ maka arụmọrụ ya dị mma. Francis Wall, bụ́ prọfesọ nke itinye ngwungwu ihe na Cumberland School of Mining, Mahadum Exeter, UK, kwuru, sị: “N'ihe banyere magnetik, ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla nwere ike ịsọ mpi na neodymium. Mmepe na-aga nke ọma nke Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer na-egosi na ihe ndọta ahụ nwere. nke NdFeB magnetik na China abanyela ọkwa ọkwa ụwa.

Neodymium magnet na diski ike

Enwere ike iji Neodymium mee ceramik, iko odo odo na-egbuke egbuke, ruby ​​artificial na laser na iko pụrụ iche nke nwere ike nyochaa ụzarị infrared. Eji ya na praseodymium mee enyo maka ndị na-afụ iko.

Ịgbakwunye 1.5% ~ 2.5% nano neodymium oxide n'ime magnesium ma ọ bụ aluminum alloy nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ okpomọkụ dị elu, nkwụsị ikuku na nguzogide corrosion nke alloy, a na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe ikuku ikuku maka ụgbọ elu.

Nano-yttrium aluminom garnet doped na nano-neodymium oxide na-arụpụta obere ebili mmiri laser, nke a na-ejikarị maka ịgbado ọkụ na igbutu ihe ndị dị mkpa na ọkpụrụkpụ n'okpuru 10mm na ụlọ ọrụ.

Nd: YAG eriri laser

Na ọgwụgwọ ahụike, a na-eji nano yttrium aluminum garnet laser doped with nano neodymium oxide iji wepụ ọnya ịwa ahụ ma ọ bụ kpochapụ ọnya kama ịwa mma.

A na-eme iko Neodymium site na ịgbakwunye neodymium oxide n'ime iko agbaze. Lavender na-apụtakarị na iko neodymium n'okpuru ìhè anyanwụ ma ọ bụ oriọna incandescent, mana acha anụnụ anụnụ na-apụta n'okpuru oriọna fluorescent. Enwere ike iji Neodymium mee ka ndò enyo dị nro dị ka violet dị ọcha, mmanya na-acha ọbara ọbara na isi awọ.

iko neodymium

Site na mmepe nke sayensị na teknụzụ yana mgbasawanye na ịgbatị sayensị na teknụzụ ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, neodymium ga-enwe ohere ojiji sara mbara karị.