Dysprosium,akara Dy na atomic nọmba 66. Ọ bụ aobere ụwa elementna ọla luster. Dysprosium ahụbeghị dị ka otu ihe dị na okike, n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị na mineral dị iche iche dị ka yttrium phosphate.
N'ụba nke dysprosium na jikọrọ ọnụ bụ 6ppm, nke dị ala karịa nke
yttriumna arọ obere ụwa ọcha. A na-ewere ya dị ka ihe dị arọ nke ukwuu
obere ụwa elementrị ma na-enye ezigbo ntọala akụ maka ngwa ya.
Dysprosium na ọnọdụ okike ya nwere isotopes asaa, nke kachasị ukwuu bụ 164 Dy.
Paul Achilleck de Bospoland chọtara Dysprosium na mbụ na 1886, mana ọ bụ na mmepe teknụzụ mgbanwe mgbanwe ion na 1950 ka ọ nọpụrụ iche. Dysprosium nwere ngwa ole na ole n'ihi na enweghị ike iji kemịkal ndị ọzọ dochie ya.
Nnu dysprosium soluble nwere ntakịrị nsi, ebe a na-ewere nnu na-enweghị ike ime ka ọ naghị egbu egbu.
Ịchọpụta akụkọ ihe mere eme
Achọpụtara ya bụ: L. Boisbaudran, French
Achọpụtara ya na 1886 na France
Mgbe Mossander kewasịrịerbiumụwa naterbiumỤwa sitere na yttrium ụwa na 1842, ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka kemist ji nyocha spectral iji chọpụta ma chọpụta na ha abụghị oxides dị ọcha nke ihe mmewere, nke gbara ndị chemists ume ịnọgide na-ekewa ha. Afọ asaa ka nkewapụ nke holmium gasịrị, na 1886, Bouvabadrand kewara ya na ọkara wee jide holmium, nke ọzọ aha ya bụ dysprosium, nke nwere akara elemental Dy. Okwu a sitere na okwu Grik dysprositos ma putara' siri ike inweta '. Site na nchoputa nke dysprosium na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa, ọkara nke ọzọ nke ọkwa nke atọ nke nchọpụta ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa agwụla.
Nhazi elektrọn
Nhazi eletrọnịkị:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10
isotop
Na ọnọdụ okike ya, dysprosium nwere isotopes asaa: 156Dy, 158Dy, 160Dy, 161Dy, 162Dy, 163Dy, na 164Dy. A na-ewere ihe ndị a niile dị ka ndị kwụsiri ike, n'agbanyeghị ire ere 156Dy nwere ọkara ndụ karịa 1 * 1018 afọ. N'ime isotopes na-emekarị, 164Dy bụ nke kachasị na 28%, sochiri 162Dy na 26%. Nke kacha nta bụ 156Dy, 0.06%. 29 isotopes redioactive ka arụkọkwara, sitere na 138 ruo 173, n'ihe gbasara oke atomic. Nke kacha kwụsie ike bụ 154Dy nwere ọkara ndụ ihe dịka afọ 3106, sochiri 159Dy nwere ọkara ndụ nke ụbọchị 144.4. Nke kacha akwụghị ụgwọ bụ 138 Dy na ọkara ndụ nke 200 milliseconds. 154Dy na-ebutekarị site na ire ere alpha, ebe ire ere 152Dy na 159Dy na-ebutekarị site na njide elektrọn.
Ọla
Dysprosium nwere ihe na-egbuke egbuke na ọla ọcha na-egbuke egbuke. Ọ dị nro nke ukwuu, enwere ike ịme ya n'ebughị ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na a zere ikpo oke ọkụ. Njirimara anụ ahụ nke dysprosium na-emetụta ọbụna obere ihe adịghị ọcha. Dysprosium na holmium nwere ike ndọta kachasị elu, ọkachasị na obere okpomọkụ. Dysprosium feromagnet dị mfe na-aghọ ọnọdụ antiferromagnetic helical na okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru 85 K (-188.2 C) na n'elu 85 K (-188.2 C), ebe atom niile na-ejikọta na oyi akwa ala n'otu oge ma na-eche ihu n'akụkụ n'akụkụ n'akụkụ nkuku. . Antiferromagnetism a na-adịghị ahụkebe na-agbanwe ghọọ ọnọdụ ọgba aghara (paramagnetic) na 179 K (-94 C).
Ngwa:
(1) Dị ka ihe mgbakwunye maka neodymium iron boron magnet na-adịgide adịgide, ịgbakwụnye ihe dị ka 2-3% dysprosium na ụdị magnetik a nwere ike imeziwanye mmanye ya. N'oge gara aga, ọchịchọ maka dysprosium adịghị elu, ma na-arịwanye elu nke neodymium iron boron magnets, ọ ghọrọ ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa, nke nwere ọkwa nke gburugburu 95-99.9%, na ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu ngwa ngwa.
(2) Dysprosium na-eji dị ka activator maka phosphor, na trivalent Dysprosium bụ a na-ekwe nkwa ịgbalite ion maka otu emission center tricolor luminescent ihe. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ ụgbụgbọ ikuku abụọ, otu bụ ikuku na-acha odo odo, nke ọzọ bụ ikuku na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Dysprosium doped luminescent ihe nwere ike iji dị ka tricolor phosphor.
(3) Dysprosium bụ ihe dị mkpa ígwè akụrụngwa maka nkwadebe nke nnukwu magnetostrictive alloy Terfenol, nke nwere ike ime ka kpọmkwem n'ibu mmegharị na-enweta.
(4)Dysprosium metal enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe nchekwa magneto-optical nwere nnukwu ndekọ ọsọ na ọgụgụ isi.
(5) Maka nkwadebe nke oriọna dysprosium, ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na oriọna dysprosium bụ dysprosium iodide. Ụdị oriọna a nwere uru dị ka nchapụta dị elu, ezigbo agba, oke agba agba, obere nha, na arc kwụsiri ike. Ejirila ya dị ka isi iyi ọkụ maka ihe nkiri, mbipụta na ngwa ọkụ ndị ọzọ.
(6) N'ihi nnukwu neutron na-ejide akụkụ akụkụ nke akụkụ nke dysprosium element, a na-eji ya na ụlọ ọrụ ike atomịk iji tụọ spectra neutron ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe na-emepụta neutron.
(7) Dy3Al5O12 nwekwara ike iji dị ka ihe ndọta na-arụ ọrụ maka magnetik refrigeration. Site na mmepe nke sayensị na teknụzụ, mpaghara ngwa nke dysprosium ga-aga n'ihu na-agbasa ma gbasaa.
(8) Dysprosium compound nanofibers nwere ike dị elu na ebe dị elu, n'ihi ya enwere ike iji ya mee ka ihe ndị ọzọ sie ike ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali. Ịkpọ ihe ngwọta mmiri nke DyBr3 na NaF na nrụgide mmanya 450 maka awa 17 ruo 450 Celsius nwere ike ịmepụta dysprosium fluoride fibers. Ihe a nwere ike ịnọgide na ngwọta mmiri dị iche iche maka ihe karịrị 100 awa na-enweghị mgbasa ma ọ bụ nchịkọta na okpomọkụ karịrị 400 Celsius.
(9) Igwe nju oyi demagnetization friji na-eji ụfọdụ kristal nnu paramagnetic dysprosium, gụnyere dysprosium gallium garnet (DGG), dysprosium aluminum garnet (DAG), na dysprosium iron garnet (DyIG).
(10) Ihe mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara dysprosium cadmium oxide bụ isi iyi infrared nke enwere ike iji mụọ mmeghachi omume kemịkal. Dysprosium na ogige ya nwere ihe ndọta siri ike, na-eme ka ha baa uru na ngwaọrụ nchekwa data dị ka draịva siri ike.
(11) Akụkụ neodymium nke neodymium iron boron magnets nwere ike dochie ya na dysprosium iji mee ka mmanye dịkwuo mma ma melite nkwụsị ọkụ nke magnets. A na-eji ya na ngwa nwere nnukwu ọrụ chọrọ dị ka moto ụgbọ ala eletrik. Ụgbọ ala ndị na-eji ụdị ndọta a nwere ike ịnwe ihe ruru gram 100 nke dysprosium kwa ụgbọ ala. Dị ka atụmatụ Toyota si na-ere kwa afọ nke ụgbọ ala nde abụọ, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ ga-emecha nweta metal dysprosium zuru ụwa ọnụ. Igwe ndọta edochiri na dysprosium nwekwara nnukwu nguzogide corrosion.
(12) Enwere ike iji ogige Dysprosium mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmanụ na-edozi mmanụ na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal. Ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere dysprosium dị ka onye na-akwalite nhazi na ferrioxide amonia synthesis catalyst, ọrụ catalytic na nguzogide okpomọkụ nke ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Enwere ike iji Dysprosium oxide dị ka ihe mejupụtara seramiiki dielectric dielectric dị elu, yana nhazi nke Mg0-Ba0-Dy0n-Ti02, nke enwere ike iji maka resonators dielectric, ihe nzacha dielectric, dielectric diplexers, na ngwaọrụ nkwukọrịta.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-23-2023