1, Okwumu Okwu
Aha Chinese:Ihe omumu, English:Ihe omumu, akara ngosiBa, Atomic nọmba 56 na tebụl oge, bụ otu a na-enwe ike alkaline Alkaline Central, nke na-agbaze centimita 1827 Celsius C (21000 k). 2143 k, 3398 Celsius F). Barrium bụ ala alkaline nke nwere ọla ọcha na-acha ọcha, nke nwere ụcha agba nke odo, dị nro, na duclele.Ihe omumuNwere ihe ndị na-eme kemịkalụ ma nwee ike imeghachi omume na ọtụtụ ndị na-abụghị ọla.Ihe omumuAchọpụtabeghị dị ka otu ihe na okike.Ihe omumunnu na-egbu egbu ma e wezụgaihe omumusulfate. Na mgbakwunye,bastium metalnwere ngbanye siri ike ma nwee ike belata imirikiti ọla, na -eji, na sulfides iji nweta ọla kọpa. Ọdịnaya nkeihe omumuNa jikọrọ ọnụ bụ 0.05%, na ndị na-ahụkarị ihe na-ahụkarị na okike na-efu (ihe omumusulfate) na-akpọlite (ihe omumucarbonate). A na-eji Balrium n'ọtụtụ ebe dịka elektrọn, seramics, ọgwụ, na mmanụ.
2, Nchọpụta nkeIhe omumuỌnọdụ mmepe nke ChinaIhe omumuNdostri
1. Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke nchọpụta nkeihe omumu
Alkaline Eutrides Sulfides na-egosipụta phosphorecence, nke pụtara na ha na-aga n'ihu ọkụ n'ọchịchịrị ruo oge ụfọdụ mgbe ekpuchara ya. Ọ bụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'ihi njirimara aihe omumuCompuns amalitela ilebara anya.
Na 1602, VSOIOROLUS, onye na-ere ahịa na Bologna, Italytali chọpụtara na ọ bụ ebe obibiihe omumuSulfate gosipụtara ìhè n'ọchịchịrị mgbe ọ jiri ya na ihe ndị na-azọcharị. Ihe a kpaliri mmasị nke chemist ndị Europe. N'afọ 1774, onye Swedish Chemist CW Scheel chọpụtara ihe ọhụrụ dị n'aka na-ere ahịa, mana ọ nweghị ike ikewapụ ya, naanị oxide nke ahụ. N'afọ 1776, Johan Gottlieb gahn gahn kewapụrụ oke a na ọmụmụ ihe yiri nke ahụ. A na-akpọ Baryta site na Guyton de morveau, ma mesịa asịrị ndị Baryta (oke ala) nke Antoine Lavoisier. N'afọ 1808, British Chemist Sumphy Devish ji Mercury dị ka Chọọchị, Platinum dị ka olulu mmiri, Batrolyzed (Bagrolyzed (Basro4) iji mepụtaihe omumuamalgam. Mgbe distillation iji wepu Mercury, igwe nwere oke ịdị ọcha na aha yabarium.
Ngwa mmepụta ọrụ nwekwara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke otu narị afọ
Dị ka mbido narị afọ nke iri na otu, ndị mmadụ malitere iji ebe obibi (ihe dị mkpa maka imepụta iheihe omumunaihe omumuogige) dị ka oghere maka eserese. Ebe ọ bụ na narị afọ a, Barte abụrụla ihe dị mkpa maka imepụta ihe dị iche icheihe omumunke nwere ngwaahịa kemịkal. N'ihi akụrụngwa nke kemịkalụ nke ya, nke kwụsiri ike na mmiri na acids, ejirila ihe dị ka onye na-eme mkpọtụ maka mmanụ na mmanụ.Ihe omumuA na-eji sulfate mee ihe na mmepụta nke ụcha na-acha ọcha ma enwere ike iji ya dị ka filver na ndị na-acha odo odo maka roba.
2. Ọnọdụ nke Chinaihe omumundostri
Komonihe omumunnu gụnyereihe omumusulfate,ihe omumunitrate, Brim chloride,ihe omumucarbonate,ihe omumucyanide, wdg.Ihe omumuA na-eji ngwaahịa nnu na ụlọ ọrụ elektrọnik dị ka ihe mgbakwunye maka a na-ese ihe osise na ihe ndọta.
Ugbu a, China abụrụla onye na-emepụta ihe kachasị n'ụwaihe omumuNnu. Ikike mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nkeihe omumucarbonate bụ ihe dị ka 900000 tọn, ya na ihe dị ihe dị ka 700000 tọn, ebe a na-arụpụta ihe dịka 700000 tọn, na-ebute ihe karịrị 70% nke ụwaihe omumucarbobote ike na mmepụta. Nke Chinaihe omumuA na-ebuga ngwaahịa carbonate n'ọtụtụ oge, China abụrụla nke na-ebubata ụwa nke ụwaihe omumucarbonate.
Nsogbu ndị a na-enwe site na mmepe nkeIhe omumuIndustrylọ ọrụ nnu na China
Ọ bụ ezie na China bụ onye na-emepụta ihe ụwa na-ebubata yaihe omumucarbobobrate, ọ bụghị onye na-emepụta bric carbonate siri ike. Nke mbu, enwere otutu otutuihe omumuụlọ ọrụ carbonate na China, na enwere ụlọ ọrụ ole na ole nke rụpụtara nnukwu mmepụta; Nke abuo, Chinaihe omumuNgwa ahịa carbonate nwere otu ihe owuwu na enweghị ngwaahịa teknụzụ dị elu. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ihe dị ugbu a na-eme nchọpụta na ịmepụta ịdị ọchaihe omumucarbonate, nkwụsi ike ya adịghị mma. Maka ngwaahịa dị ọcha, China kwesịrị ibubata site na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka Germany, Italy, na Japan. Na mgbakwunye, n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụfọdụ mba abụrụla ndị na-ebugharị ọhụụihe omumucarbomate, dị ka Russia, Brazil, South Korea, na Meksiko, na-eduga na mba ofesiihe omumuAhịa Carbonate, nke nwere nnukwu mmetụta na Chinaihe omumuụlọ ọrụ carbonate. Ndị na-emepụta dị njikere iji belata ọnụahịa iji lanarị. N'otu oge ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ mbupụ China na-echekwa nyocha mgbochi na-apụ na mba ọzọ. Na ndozi na-aga n'ihu nke ihe nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, ụfọdụihe omumuNdobe nnu nnu na China na-echeta okwu nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi. Iji kwalite mmepe nke Chinaihe omumuNlekọta ụlọ ọrụ,ihe omumuNdocha nnu na China kwesịrị iwere nchebe na nchekwa dị ka ntọala, nyocha na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka ihe ndị dị adị na-eme ihe dị iche iche.
Mmepụta na mbubata data nke Barise na China
Dabere na data sitere na nyocha nke Geological United Statesihe omumuSulfate, mmụba nke 0.18% ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu oge gara aga. Akpachapụ mbupụ mbupụ bụ 65496598 US dollar, mmụba nke 20.99% ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu oge gara aga. Ọnụahịa ngalaba ahụ dị 0.71 US dollar kwa kilogram, mmụba nke 0.12 dollars anyị na-atụnyere kilogram ahụ n'afọ gara aga. N'etiti ha, na December 2014, China na-ebupụ 8768648 kilogram nkeihe omumuSulfate, mmụba nke 8,19% ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu oge gara aga. Ọnụ ego mbupụ bụ 8385141 US dollar, mmụba nke 5.1% ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu oge gara aga.
Dabere na data omenala ndị China, na June 2015, China na-ebupụ 170000 tọnihe omumuSulfate, mbelata nke 1.7% ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu oge gara aga; Na ọkara mbụ nke afọ, olu mbupụ ya bụ tọn 1.12 nde, mbelata nke 6.8% ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu oge gara aga; Otu otu mbupụ ego ahụ belatara site 5.4% na 9% dị ka ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu oge gara aga.
3, nkesa na mmepụta nke barium (bera)
1. Nkesa nke bastium
Ọdịnaya nkeihe omumuNa jikọrọ ọnụ bụ 0.05%, ogo nke 14. Isi ihe dị na okike dị na-ere ahịa (ihe omumusulfate banto4) na sorinte (ihe omumucarbonate baco3). N'etiti ha, barmit bụ ihe kasị nta nke barium, nke mejupụtaraihe omumusulfate ma na-apụta na veins hydrothermal hydrothermal, dị ka quartz basel, akwara fluonite, wdg.ihe omumuNwere ịnweta na okike, na mgbakwunye na-ere ahịa, na isi ya bụ isiihe omumucarbonate.
Dabere na data sitere na nyocha nke Geology United States nke United States Ihe ndozi zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ tọn 350. China bụ mba nwere nnukwu akụ na ụba bara ụba. Mba ndị ọzọ nwere akụ bara ụba gụnyere Kazakhstan, Türkiye, Thainia, Thailand, United States na Mexico. Ndị ama ama ama ama na Westman Wount na UK, Fellbonne na Romania, Gontenghou na Hubei, Lueiangzhou na Gubei, na nso na Shaanxi.
Dabere na data sitere na nyocha nke Geology nke United States na 2015, Mmepụta zuru oke nde na 2013 ma mụbaa na-eme ihe nkiri 9.16, na-emepụta ihe dị ka 44.3% nke mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ. INDIA, Morocco, na United States n'obere nke abụọ, nke atọ, na nke anọ, na mmepụta tọn 1.6, 1 nde tọn, na 720000 tọn.
2. Nkesa nkeIhe omumuAkụ na China
China bara ụba naihe omumuore akụrụngwa, na a na-ebu amụma nke ihe karịrị 1 ijeri. Ọzọkwa, ọkwa nke Banrium ore dị elu, na ndoputa ya na mmepụta ya ugbu a na-ebu ụzọ ugbu a n'ụwa. Nke kachasịihe omumuNwere ịnweta na okike dị mma. Reservelọ obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ dị nde 350, ebe obibi nke bari China bụ 100 nde ihe dị ka 29% nke mkpokọta ụwa na-ebu ụzọ n'ụwa.
Dabere na data dị na "nyocha nke ndị na-adọrọ adọrọ nke ndị na-etinye aka na ebe a na-ere ahịa na-ere ahịa, na-ekesa ya na ngalaba 24. Enwere mpaghara iri abụọ na ise na-echekwa na China, yana mkpokọta nkwenye nchekwa nke nde 390 nde. Site na nkesa nke na-ere ahịa, Guizhou nwere ebe a na-edebe ihe dị n'ụkọ, na-ebute 34% nke chefuo nchekwa obodo; Hun, Guangxi, Gase, Shaanxi na ndị ọzọ ógbè (mpaghara) na-ewere ọnọdụ nke abụọ. Akaụntụ ise dị elu maka 80% nke nchekwa mba. A na-eme ka ego nkwụnye ego na-atọ ụtọ, na-aza ajụjụ 60% nke ewepụtara. Na mgbakwunye, enwerekwa mgbọrọgwụ na-achịkwa (endogenetic), mgbawa ugwu, hydrothermal, na ụdị slope). Oge minesizer bụ na paleozoc oge, a na-ehibekwa nkwụnye ego n'ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu ewu na Mesozoic.
Njirimara nke ihe omumu ihe omumu di na China
Site n'echiche buru ibu, mineral na China na-ekesa na mpaghara etiti; N'ihe banyere klas, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mineral niile na-etinye uche na Guizhou na Guangxi; Site n'echiche nke ihe nkwụnye ego ntinye, nkwụnye ego China bụ tumadi nnukwu na ọkara. Naanị mpaghara abụọ nke Guizhou Tianzhu Dathe Bian na Hishon Xinanang Gongxi maka ihe karịrị ọkara nke nchekwa na mpaghara ndị a. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ụdị ihe oriri bụ ụdị nke ma ọ bụ ihe mejupụtara ya na ogo kemịkalụ dị mfe ma dị ọcha, dị ka onye na-ere ihe nke m. Na mgbakwunye, enwerekwa nnukwu nchekwa nke com na mineral nke enwere ike iji rụọ ọrụ.
4, usoro mmepụta nke barium
1. Nkwadebe nkeihe omumu
Mmepụta bastium metallic na ụlọ ọrụ na-agụnye usoro abụọ: mmepụta nke barium oxide na mmepụta nke barium site na mbelata ígwè Igwe ọkụ (mbelata nke igwe.
(1) nkwadebe nkeihe omumuoyede
Broady mara mma na-ebu ụzọ na-achọ akwụkwọ ntuziaka, na-esote iron na silicon iji nweta uche nwere ihe karịrị 96%ihe omumusulfate. Gwakọta nri na-erughị 20 mosh na unyi ma ọ bụ potrolem cour na ibu dị arọ nke 4: 1, na calcine na 1100 ℃ na ihe na-enye ihe.Ihe omumuBeulfate belatara na Barpide sulfide (a na-akpọkarị "nwa ojii"), nke a na-eteta na mmiri ọkụ iji nweta ihe ngwọta barfide. Iji tọghatara Barrium sulfide na Barronitation carbonate, ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye carbonate carbon ma ọ bụ webata carbon dioxide n'ime barium suldide. Mix carbonate carbon carbonate na carbon ntụ ọka na calrine na ihe dị ka 800 ℃ iji nweta Brio Oxide. Okwesiri iburu n'uche na Brium Oxidex uptudizes iji mepụta barium peroxide na 500-700 ℃, na barium peroxide nwere ike idobe yaihe omumuoxide na 700-800 ℃. Yabụ, iji zere imepụta barium peroxide, ngwaahịa ndị a na-ejikọ mmiri dị mma ma ọ bụ na-emegharị n'okpuru nchebe gas.
(2) Mmepụta nkeBRILEsite na usoro nke aluminothermic
Enwere mmeghachi omume abụọ maka mbelata aluminomihe omumuoxide n'ihi ihe dị iche iche:
6Bao + 2al → 2BAO • Al2O3 + 3BA ↑
Ma ọ bụ: 4Bao + 2al → BAO • Al2O3 + 3BA ↑
Na okpomọkụ sitere na 1000 ruo 1200 ℃, mmeghachi omume abụọ a na-eme ka obere iheihe omumu, yabụ ọ dị mkpa iji oghere na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihuihe omumuVapo site na mpaghara mmeghachi omume na mpaghara mpaghara iji mee ka mmeghachi ahụ wee gaa n'ihu n'ihu na-aga n'ihu. Ihe ndị ahụ gasịchara mgbe mmeghachi omume ahụ gasịrị, enwere ike ịtụfu naanị mgbe ọgwụgwọ.
2. Nkwadebe nke ihe eji eme ihe
(1) usoro nkwadebe nkeihe omumukabonate
① carbonation
Mendị carbonahar na-agụnye na-agụnye Bara na Calt n'otu n'otu n'otu, na-awụpụta ha na-amị amị ma na-ebelata ha na 1100-1200 ℃ iji nweta Barrium silfide gbazee. A na-ewebata carbon dioxide n'imeihe omumuNgwọta sọlfọ maka carbonazation, na nke nwetaraihe omumuA na-edowe carbonate slurry na-asacha ịsa ahụ na oghere. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-akpọnwụ ma gwepịa ya na 300 ℃ iji nweta ngwaahịa carbon a gwụchara. Ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ọtụtụ ndị nabatara usoro ahụ n'ihi usoro ya dị mfe na ụgwọ dị ala.
② usoro dị mgbagwoju anya
Nke ikpeazụ nkeihe omumuEnwere ike inweta carbonate site na mmeghachi omume abụọ dị n'etiti BUMISE sọlfọ na ammonium sọlfọ, ma ọ bụ site na mmeghachi omume n'etiti Barrium chloride na potassium carbonate. Ngwaahịa a na-esite na-asacha, ẹdụk, mịrị, wdg.
③ iwu na-egbu egbu
A na-eme nke ọma ntụ ntụ okirikiri nke ammonium nnu iji mepụtaihe omumuNnu, na ammọn carbonate bụ recbotate maka ojiji. Solubleihe omumuA na-agbakwunye nnu na carbonium carbonate iji mezue ihe na-egbu egbu carbon carbonate, nke a na-ehota ma kpọnwụọ ka ọ mepụta ngwaahịa emechara. Na mgbakwunye, a nwetara mmanya na-egbu egbu nwere ike ịgbagharị ma na-emegharị ya.
(2) usoro nkwadebe nkeihe omumutitanate
① ① ① ①ት
Ihe omumuA ga-akwadebe Titanate site na ịgbakọihe omumuCarbonate na titanium dioxide, nke enwere ike iji ya na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ.
② ② ②ት
Igbariihe omumuchloride na titanium trarrachloride na ngwakọta nke nha, okpomoku ruo 70 Celsius C, wee dokwaa oxicic acid iji nweta udiri hydratedihe omumuTitanate [batio (c2o4) 2-4h2o]. Ghichaa, kpọọ nkụ, wee pyrolinsis iji nweta ngwungwu Titanate.
(3) usoro nkwadebe nkeihe omumuchloride
Usoro mmepụta nkeihe omumuChloride tumadi gunyere usoro acdlochloric,ihe omumuThosezọ carbonate, usoro calcide Chloride, na Matesium Chloride Rchloride dị ka usoro dị iche iche ma ọ bụ akụrụngwa.
① hydrochloric usoro acid.
②Ihe omumuusoro carbonate. Emere site na okwute (carbon carbonate) dị ka akụrụngwa.
③ Calcium Chloride. Na-ebelata ngwakọta nke ụlọ ọrụ na calcium chloride na carbon.
Na mgbakwunye, enwere usoro Magnesium Chloride. Kwadebere site na ịgwọ yaihe omumuSulfide na magnesium chloride.
Oge Post: Nov-01-2023