Enwere ụdị ọla dị mma. Na ndụ kwa ụbọchị, ọ na-egosi na mmiri mmiri dị ka mercury. Ọ bụrụ na ịdọrọ ya na enwere ike, ọ ga-eju gị anya ịchọpụta na karama ahụ na-emebi emebi dịka mpempe akwụkwọ, ọ ga-agbaji ya. Na mgbakwunye, ịbelata ya na ọla dị ka ọla na igwe na-akpata ọnọdụ a, nke enwere ike ịkpọ "igwe okwu". Gịnị na-akpata ya inwe ụdị agwa ndị a? Taa, anyị ga-abanye n'ụwa nke gallium.
1, kedu ihe bụGall metal
Gallium ihe dị na nke anọ nke IIA Group na tebụl nke ihe. Meld na-agbaze nke gallium dị mkpụmkpụ, naanị 29.78 ℃, mana isi ihe dị ka 2204.8 ℃. N'oge ọkọchị, ọtụtụ n'ime ya dị ka mmiri mmiri ma nwee ike gbazee mgbe etinye ya n'ọbụ aka. Site na Njirimara ndị dị n'elu, anyị nwere ike ịghọta na ahụ ike corloo nwere ọla kọrọ nke ọma n'ihi na ọ na-agbaze. Mmiri gally na ọla ndị ọzọ na ọla ndị ọzọ, nke bụ ndị anwansi ndị a kpọtụrụ aha na mbụ. Ọdịnaya ya dị na mbara ala bụ naanị ihe dị ka 0.001%, na ịdị adị ya achọpụtala ruo afọ 140 gara aga. In 1871, Russian chemist Mendeleev summarized the periodic table of elements and predicted that after zinc, there is also an element below aluminum, which has similar properties to aluminum and is called an “aluminum like element”. N'afọ 1875, mgbe Boleborts Sciencesland na-amụta iwu dị iche iche nke otu ezinụlọ, ya mere gaje ịbụ onye mbụ na-ebu amụma na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nyocha kemịkalụ, wee chọta ya ihe enyere aka na nnwale.
A na-ekesa gaslium na China, Germany, France, nke Australia, nke kesara na Shananni, Kunnan, Henann, Guangxi na ebe ndị ọzọ [1]. Na usoro nkesa nkesa, Shanxi, Shandxi, Shandong na ebe ndị ọzọ dị na Bauxte, Yunnan na ebe ndị ọzọ dị na ebe ọzọ dị na Sphalerite. Ná mmalite nke nchọpụta nke gallium metal, n'ihi ụkọ nyocha dabara adaba na ntinye ya na ntinye ya mgbe niile, ndị mmadụ kwenyere mgbe niile na ọ bụ igwe nwere nnukwu ọrụ. Agbanyeghị, na mmepe nke teknụzụ na oge nke ike ọhụụ na nke dị elu, gallium metal bụ ihe dị mkpa na ozi ozi, na-abawanye ụba nke ukwuu.
2, mpaghara nke galllium
1. Ahịa Semiconductor
A na-eji gallium tumadi ejiri rụọ ọrụ ihe ubi, ya na gallenide Arenide (Gaas) ihe eji eme ihe na teknụzụ ịbụ ndị tozuru oke. Dịka onye na-ebu ozi nke ozi na-ebugharị, ihe na - eme semiconductor maka 80% ruo 85% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ngụkọta nke gajeli, nke kachasị eji na nkwukọrịta ikuku. Galium Arianiers nwere ike ime ka ndị na-ebusa ozi nkwukọrịta (nke netwọkụ 4g, nke nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime ịbanye 5G oge. Ọzọkwa, enwere ike iji Gallium mee ihe dị ka ịnwụ anwụ na ngwa Semiconductor ngwa n'ihi njirimara ya, na-agbaze na arụmọrụ, na arụmọrụ dị mma, na ezigbo arụmọrụ. Itinye igwe na-eme ka galllium rụọ n'ụdị galley na-adabere na ihe mkpuchi ikuku nwere ike melite ike na arụmọrụ ọkụ eletriki.
2. Mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ
Mmepe nke mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ esiwo na monocrystalline silicon anyanwụ mkpụrụ ndụ na polycrystalline sel fells. N'ihi ego dị elu nke polycrystalline silicon dị warara na sel ihe nkiri, ndị na-eme nchọpụta achọpụtala ọla kọpa na-acha odo odo dị mkpa. Mkpụrụ ndụ cigs nwere uru nke ọnụ ahịa dị ala, nnukwu mmepụta batchasị, yana atụmanya foto dị elu, nwee atụmanya nke foto. Nke abuo, gallium arsena sel sel ndị nwere nnukwu uru na arụmọrụ a tụnyere mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ dị gị. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi ego imepụta dị elu nke osisi gassium, a na-ejikarị ya na Aerospace na ndị agha.
3. Ike Hydrogen
Site na ịmara mmụba nke nsogbu ike nke ụwa niile, ndị mmadụ na-achọ iji dochie ike mmeghari na-enweghị ngwụcha, nke ike hydrogen pụtara ìhè. Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ahịa dị elu na ala dị ala nke ebe nchekwa na-egbochi mmepe nke teknụzụ a. Dị ka ihe ndị kachasị ukwuu nke ọla, aluminom nwere ike ime ihe hydrogen nke ọma, nke bụ ihe ndị na-eme ihe dị mfe, na gallium nwere ike igbari oxinom Ikike mkpuchi, na-ekwe ka mmeghachi omume ahụ ga-aga n'ihu [4] a ga-agbanwegharị nke metal ma na-emegharị ya. Ojiji nke alumily na-edozi nke ọma na-edozi nsogbu nke nkwadebe ngwa ngwa na nchekwa nchekwa nke ike ọcha, na-eme ka nchekwa, akụ na ụba, na nchebe gburugburu.
4. Ubi Ahụike
A na-ejikarị Gall na uru ahụike n'ihi akụrụngwa radieshon ya, nke enwere ike iji ya mee ihe ma gbochie ndị na-arịa ọrịa. Ngwakọta gas gallium nwere antifungal antifung na antiball na antiball, n'ikpeazụ rụzuo ntụgharị site na itinye aka na metabolism nje. Enwere ike iji gailmoy alloys mee ihe na-eme ka thermomers tin thermometers, ụdị nke igwe mmiri na-adịghị mma, ma enwere ike iji dochie anya mmiri na-egbu egbu. Na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gallit dabere Allity na-eji ihe ọdịnala ememme ọdịnala ma na-eji ya na ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ dị ka ihe na-emejupụta ezé ọhụrụ.
3, Outlook
Ọ bụ ezie na China bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na - emepụta nke gajeli na ụwa, enwere ọtụtụ nsogbu na ụlọ ọrụ Gallium. N'ihi obere ọdịnaya nke gallium dị ka otu ụlọ ọrụ, galiki Production na-agbasasị agbasasị agbasasị, ma enwere njikọ na-adịghị ike na nkọ na ụlọ ọrụ na-adịghị ike. Usoro nchịkọta nwere nnukwu mmetọ gburugburu Gallium, ma na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị ike, tumadi ịda na gallium na ala dị ala na ọnụahịa dị elu. Agbanyeghị, site na mmepe sayensị na teknụzụ, mmụba nke ụkpụrụ ndụ ndị mmadụ, na ngwa ndị mmadụ na-arụ gallium na ubi, ọchịchọ ga-abawanye ngwa ngwa. Ngalaba mmepụta dịtụ nke ga - emerịrị ihe mgbochi na mmepe ụlọ ọrụ China. N'ịzụlite teknụzụ ọhụụ dị ezigbo mkpa iji nweta ezigbo mmepe nke sayensị na China.
Oge Post: Mee-17-2023