Cerium bụ 'nnukwu nwanne' enweghị mgbagha na ezinụlọ buru ibu nke ụwa ọcha.Nke mbu, nchikota onu ogugu nke uwa na-adighi nma n'ime ahihia bu 238ppm, nke nwere cerium na 68ppm, na-aza 28% nke ngụkọta nke ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na ọkwa mbụ;Nke abuo, cerium bụ ihe nke abụọ na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa chọpụtara afọ itoolu ka achọpụtara yttrium (1794).Ngwa ya dị ukwuu, na "cerium" enweghị nkwụsị
Nchọpụta nke Cerium Element
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Achọpụtara Cerium wee kpọọ aha ya na 1803 site n'aka ndị German Kloppers, onye Sweden chemist J ö ns Jakob Berzelius, na onye Sweden mineralogist Wilhelm Hisinger.A na-akpọ ya ceria, a na-akpọkwa ọla ya cerite, na ebe nchekwa nke Ceres, asteroid a chọpụtara na 1801. N'ezie, ụdị cerium silicate a bụ nnu hydrated nwere 66% ruo 70% cerium, ebe ndị ọzọ bụ ogige calcium. , ígwè, nayttrium.
Ojiji mbụ nke cerium bụ ọkụ gas nke Ọstrịa na-ahụ maka kemist Carl Auer von Welsbach chepụtara.N'afọ 1885, ọ nwara ngwakọta nke magnesium, lanthanum, na yttrium oxide, ma ngwakọta ndị a na-ewepụta ìhè ndụ ndụ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma.
N'afọ 1891, ọ chọpụtara na thorium oxide dị ọcha na-emepụta ìhè ka mma, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ acha anụnụ anụnụ, ma jikọta ya na Cerium (IV) oxide iji mepụta ìhè na-acha ọcha.Na mgbakwunye, Cerium (IV) oxide nwekwara ike iji dị ka ihe na-akpali thorium oxide combustion.
Cerium metal
★ Cerium bụ ductile na adụ ọlaọcha ọcha metal na-arụsi ọrụ ike Njirimara.Mgbe ekpughere ya na ikuku, ọ ga-abụ oxidized, na-akpụ nchara dị ka peeling oxide oyi akwa.Mgbe ọkụ, ọ na-ere ọkụ ma jiri mmiri mee ngwa ngwa.Ihe nlele metal cerium nke dị centimita na-emebi kpamkpam n'ime ihe dị ka otu afọ.Zere ịkpọtụrụ ikuku, oxidants siri ike, acid siri ike, na halogens.
★ Cerium tumadi dị na monazite na bastnaesite, yana na fission ngwaahịa nke uranium, thorium, na plutonium.Na-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi, ekwesịrị itinye nlebara anya pụrụ iche maka mmetọ nke mmiri.
★ Cerium bụ 26th kasị ukwuu mmewere, aza maka 68ppm nke Ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ, nke abụọ naanị ọla kọpa (68ppm).Cerium bara ụba karịa ọla nkịtị dịka lead (13pm) na tin (2.1pm).
Nhazi nke Cerium Electron
Nhazi eletrọnịkị:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p66s2 4f1 5d1
★ Cerium dị mgbe lanthanum ma nwee 4f electrons malite na cerium, na-eme ka ọ dị mfe isonye na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ.Otú ọ dị, 5d orbital nke cerium nọ, na mmetụta a esighi ike na cerium.
★ Ọtụtụ Lanthanide nwere ike na-eji atọ electrons dị ka Valence eletrọn, ma e wezụga nke cerium, nke nwere a variable electronic Ọdịdị.The ume nke 4f electrons fọrọ nke nta ka otu ihe ahụ dị ka nke mpụga 5d na 6s electrons delocalized na metal steeti, na ọ bụ naanị a obere ego nke ume dị mkpa iji gbanwee ikwu ọrụ nke ndị a eletrọnịkị ike etoju, n'ihi na abụọ valence nke. + 3 na + 4.Ọnọdụ nkịtị bụ+3 valence, na-egosi+4 valence na mmiri anaerobic.
Ngwa nke cerium
★ Enwere ike iji dị ka ihe mgbakwunye alloy na maka mmepụta nke cerium salts, wdg.
★ Ọ nwere ike na-eji dị ka iko mmako banye ultraviolet na infrared ụzarị, na ọtụtụ-eji Car iko.
★ Enwere ike iji dị ka ihe magburu onwe gburugburu ebe obibi nchebe ihe, na ugbu a kasị nnọchiteanya bụ akpakanamde iyuzucha ọcha catalyst, nke n'ụzọ dị irè na-egbochi a nnukwu ego nke akpakanamde iyuzucha gas si na-tara n'ime ikuku.
★ Ìhèobere ụwa ọchabụ nke mejuputara nke cerium ka ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike imeziwanye ogo ihe ọkụkụ, mụbaa mkpụrụ, na ịkwalite nguzogide nrụgide ihe ọkụkụ.
★ Cerium sulfide nwere ike dochie ọla ndị dị ka lead na cadmium ndị na-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ụmụ mmadụ na pigmenti, nwere ike ịcha rọba, ma nwee ike iji ya mee ihe na mkpuchi na ụlọ ọrụ ink.
★Cerium (IV) oxideenwere ike iji ya dị ka ngwakọta polishing, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na polishing chemical-mechanical (CMP).
★ Cerium nwekwara ike-eji dị ka hydrogen nchekwa ihe, thermoelectric ihe, cerium tungsten electrodes, Ceramic capacitor, piezoelectric ceramik, cerium silicon carbide abrasives, mmanụ ụgbọala cell akụrụngwa, mmanụ ụgbọala catalysts, na-adịgide adịgide magnetik ihe, ọgwụ ihe, iche iche alloy steels na-abụghị. ọla ferrous.
Oge nzipu: Jul-03-2023