Okwu Mmalite nke teknụzụ ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ụwa
·Ọdịda Ala Iabụghị ihe dị ukwuu, mana ihe mkpokọta maka ihe dị 15 dị egwu nayttriumnasayensi. Ya mere, ihe dị iche iche dị n'ụwa dị iche iche na-enwekarị ihe dị iche iche, sitere na chlorides nwere ịdị ọcha nke 46% na-alụbeghị di ma ọ bụ nwunyeỌrịa nke ọlaya na di ocha nke 99.9999%. Site na mgbakwunye nke ogige ndị metụtara ya na igwekota, enwere ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ngwaahịa. Yabụ,Ọdịda Alateknụzụ dịkwa iche iche dabere na ọdịiche nke ihe iri na asaa ndị a. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na enwere ike ekenye ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe n'ime centium nayttriumOtu dị iche iche dabere na njirimara ịnweta, minsụ, na-a squals, na usoro nkewa nke ọma na-ejikọ ọnụ. Onye na - emepụta usoro nke mbụ, usoro nkewa, usoro ndị na - ese ihe, ụzọ mbata, na usoro iji kpochapụ ụwa dị ụkọ.
Inweta nhazi nke uwa
Nhazi nhazi nke eji arụ ọrụ na-eji ihe dị iche na kemịkalụ dị iche iche, na-ejikwa ihe na-emerụ ahụ dị iche iche, na-ekewa ha na mineral ndị ga-eme.
Nke aỌdịda Alaoshed mined Worldwide, ọdịnaya nkeOke ụwabụ naanị pasent ole na ole, ụfọdụ ọbụna ala. Iji mezuo ihe chọrọ imepụta smelting,Ọdịda AlaMineral na-ekewa site na mineral ndị agha na ndị ọzọ bara uru site na iri ngo zuru ezu, iji bulie ọdịnaya ụwa nke nwere ike ime ka ihe ndị dị ụkọ n'ụwa na-emekọ ihe. Inwe uru nke ụwa dị oke ọnụ, na-agbakwunye ọtụtụ njikọta nke ndọda na nkewa magnetic iji mepụta usoro na-erite uru.
Oseihe nwaanyiỌdịda AlaNkwụnye ego na Bayyunebo nke Mongolia bụ nkwụnye mkpuchi nke iron dolomite na iron ma ọ bụ na Monazite, enwere ọtụtụnioriumnaỌdịda Alamineral).
Ihe ndị ahụ wepụtara ma ọ bụ ihe dị ka 30% ígwè na ihe dị ka 5% na-agbada nnukwu ma ọ bụ na-erite uru osisi nke ụlọ ọrụ BAOTU na ụlọ ọrụ Steel. Ọrụ nke osisi bara uru bụ mmụbaFe2o3Site na 33% karịrị 55%, nke mbụ egweri na grading na igwe ojii na-agbago, wee họrọ isi ígwè nke 62-65% fe2O3 (Iron ohi) Iji cylindrical caplint. A na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na oghere dị iche iche iji nweta ndọta nke abụọ na-etinye ihe karịrị 45%Fe2o3(iron oxide). A na-enye ụwa oke mmiri na ụfụfụ ụfụfụ, na klas nke 10-15%. Enwere ike ịhọrọ uche na-eji tebụl na-ama jijiji na-etinye eriri afọ 30%. Mgbe a ga-enweta ya site na akụrụngwa ndị na-erite uru, ụwa nke dị ụkọ nke ihe karịrị 60% nwere ike inweta.
Usoro i decompotion nke ụwa na-etinye uche
·Ọdịda AlaIhe ndị dị na ụbụrụ n'ozuzu ịdị n'ụdị carbonates, fluorides, phosphates, oxides, ma ọ bụ ọla. A ga-agbagha mbara ụwa ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị iche iche na mmiri ma ọ bụ insorganic acid site na mgbanwe kemịkalụ dị iche iche, ma ọ bụ nkewa, ma ọ bụ ịmịkọta iji mepụtaỌdịda Alaogige dị ka agwakọtaghị oke ọhịa Chlorides, nke enwere ike iji ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ akụrụngwa maka ikewapụ otu ihe dị na ya. A na-akpọ usoro aỌdịda AlaIhe a na-eme uche, nke a makwaara dị ka ọgwụgwọ.
Ọtụtụ ụzọ maka decomposingỌdịda AlaNchịkọta, nke enwere ike kewapụ onwe ya ụzọ atọ: usoro acid, usoro alkali, na chlorination chlorination. Enwere ike kewaa acomcosation acid na hydrochloric icompotion, sulfuric acid icompotion, na hddrofluoric decompotion. Enwere ike kewaa ndozi Alkali Hydroxide decompotion, sodium hydroxide na-agbaze, ma ọ bụ soda na-awụpụta agbaze. A na-ahọpụta usoro kwesịrị ekwesị dabara adaba na ụkpụrụ nke uche, atụmatụ ọmụmụ, uru maka ịdị ọcha nke ndị na-abụghị ndị ọrụ na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi, na usoro iwu na-akwụghị ụgwọ.
Achọpụtala ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na 200 ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị abụọ na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, a chọtarala ha minerals minerals, ha emebeghị ka ha nwee ike itinye onwe ha n'ihe na-enweghị enyemaka na nnabata ụlọ ọrụ na-akpata ụkọ. Ruo ugbu a, naanị na-enweghị egonwoke naisi, selenium, nasatiriumAchọpụtara nkwụnye ego, mana ọnụ ọgụgụ nkwụnye ego adịghị oke.
Na-eme mkpọtụ nke ụwa
E nwere ụzọ abụọ makaỌdịda AlaSmeleting, hydrometing na Pyromesedallirgy.
Usoro a dum na-eme ka a mata usoro kemịkalụ dị na kemịkalụ metal, dị ka ihe mgbapụta ụwa nke uche, dị iche na mmịpụta nkeOke ụwa, ogige, na otu ọla, nke na-eji usoro nkewa, nke kristal, mbelata oxration, na mgbanwe. Usoro a na-emekarị bụ ihe mgbu ndị na-eme ihe ga-eme, nke bụ usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ maka nkewa nke ịdị ọcha dị oke ọkụ. Usoro hydrometing dị mgbagwoju anya na ịdị ọcha ngwaahịa dị elu. Usoro a nwere ọtụtụ ngwa na-emepụta ngwaahịa ndị a gwụchara.
Usoro pyrometlurgical usoro dị mfe ma nwee oke arụpụta arụ.Ọdịda AlaPyromalliry kacha gụnyere mmepụta nkeA na-ejikọ ụwasite na usoro mgbakọ silicothermic, mmepụta nke ọla kọpa ụwa ma ọ bụ alloys site na usoro nnupụta mmiri electrolysis, na mmepụta nkeA na-ejikọ ụwaSite na usoro mbelata Warmal wdg.
Omume ama ama nke Pyromemellurg bụ mmepụta n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu.
Ọ dị ụkọ nke ụwa
·Ọdịda Alacarbonate naOgige ụwa chloridebụ ihe kacha mkpa bụ isi okwu abụọ dị naỌdịda Alaụlọ ọrụ. N'ikwu na, enwere usoro abụọ dị ugbu a maka ịmepụta ngwaahịa abụọ a. Otu usoro bụ sulfuric acid usoro, a na-akpọkwa usoro nke ọzọ soda soda, depụtara ka usoro soda caustic.
Mgbakwunye na ịnọ ebe dị iche iche n'ụwa, akụkụ dị mkpa nkeỌdịda Anya AlaNa okike na apatite na apatite na phosphate rock mineral. Mpempe akwụkwọ nke nchekwa ụwa na-eme ka ọ dị ihe dị ka otu narị ijeri 100, na nkeziỌdịda AlaỌdịnaya nke 0,5 ‰. A na-eme atụmatụ na ngụkọta nkeỌdịda Alajikọtara ya na phosphate ore na ụwa dị nde 50. Na nzaghachi na njirimara nke alaỌdịda AlaỌdịnaya ọdịnaya na ọnọdụ ihe pụrụ iche na minses, amụwo usoro mgbake dị iche iche amụbala ma na-eme ihe na mba, nke a ga-ekewa n'ime mmiri mmiri na ikuku. Na usoro mmiri, enwere ike ekewa ha na usoro acid na-amịrị, usoro acid acid, na usoro sulfuric dị ka acids dị iche iche. Enwere ụzọ dị iche iche iji weghachite ụwa site na usoro kemịkalụ, ihe niile nwere njikọ chiri anya na nhazi nhazi nke phosphate ore. N'oge usoro mmepụta ọkụ, naỌdịda AlaỌnụego mgbake nwere ike iru 60%.
Na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu nke Shosphate Roces na ngbanwe rue mmepe nke phosphate na-adị ala, usoro sọlfọ acid usoro acids usoro acidsher acidite abụrụla ihe dị na phosphate kemịkalụ, na mgbake nkeỌdịda Anya AlaNa sulfuric acid mgbochi mmiri phosphoric acid abụrụla ebe nchọpụta. Na mmepụta usoro nke sulfuric acid mgbochi mmiri phosphoric acid, usoro ịchịkwa ihe dị oke ọnụ n'ụwa nwere ọtụtụ uru dị na mbụ mepụtara.
Ọkpụkpụ ụwa
Sulfuric acid acid
Oeriduotu (insoluble na sulfate jupụtara na nnu) -lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodmium, neodmium, na Mishetù;
Terumotu (ntakịrị soruble na sulfate shess) -sajerium, Europe, GaDolinium, terum, dysprium, naHolmium;
Yttriumotu (soluble na sulfate jupụtara na nnu) -yttrium, Erbium, mmebis, ytterbium,enyouche, nasayensi.
Mgbatị nkewa
KemfeỌdịda Ala(P204 adịghị ike acidity) -lanthanum,Cerium, Praseodmium,neodmium, na Mishetù;
Etiti ụwa (p204 dị ala acidity Mpụ) -sajerium,Europe,GaDolinium,terum,dysprium;
Okwu Mmalite na Mpụga Usoro
Na usoro nkewaỌdịda n'ụwa,N'ihi ihe anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ nke ihe iri na asatọ, yana oke ọrụ na-esoỌdịda Anya Ala, usoro mmịpụta ahụ dịtụ oke ma na-ejikarị ya.
E nwere ụdị mmịpụta atọ: usoro nzọụkwụ nzọụkwụ, mgbanwe ion mgbanwe, yana ihe mgbatị ahụ.
Usoro nzọụkwụ
A na-akpọ usoro nkewa na ịdị ọcha site na iji ọdịiche dị iche iche na solvents na-akpọ usoro. Site nayttrium(Y) toenyouche(Lu), otu nkewa n'etiti ihe niile na-emeỌdịda Anya Ala, tinyere radium chọpụtara site na di na nwunye Cusrie
Ha niile kewapụrụ site na iji usoro a. Usoro nke usoro a dị obere, yana otu nkewa ụwa niile were ihe karịrị otu narị afọ, na otu nkewa ma rụzie ugboro 200. Maka ndị ọrụ kemịkal, ọrụ ha
Ike dị elu ma usoro ahụ dịkwatụ mgbagwoju anya. Ya mere, na-eji usoro a enweghị ike ịmụpụta otu ihe dị ụkọ n'ọtụtụ.
Mgbanwe mgbanwe
Enweghi ike igbochi ihe nyocha ụwaA na-ahụ anya ụwaọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu site na ụzọ nzọụkwụ nzọụkwụ. Iji nyochaaỌdịda Anya Aladị na ngwaahịa nuclear Fillish ma wepụ ihe dị oke egwu ụwa site na urinium na thoranium, a chụrụ Chromatography (nke a na-ejikarị ya, nke a na-ejikarị yaA na-ahụ anya ụwas. Uru nke usoro mgbanwe Ion bụ na enwere ike ikewapụta ọtụtụ ihe na otu ọrụ. Ma ọ nwekwara ike inweta ngwaahịa dị ọcha. Agbanyeghị, ọghọm ya bụ na enweghị ike ịhazi ya, yana ogologo usoro ọrụ na ọnụ ahịa dị elu maka resin remin na mgbanwe. Ya mere, otu a bụ isi usoro iji kewapụ oke ụwa dị ụkọ n'ụwa niile site na usoro nkewa ma dochie ya site na usoro mmịpụta. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi njiri mara nke Chromato na-agbanwe agbanwe na-enweta ihe dị ọcha n'ụwa, ugbu a, iji mepụta ụdị ọcha ụwa, ọ dịkwa mkpa iji chromatography na-agbanwe ma na-emepụta ngwaahịa ụwa.
Mgbapụta Mgbapụta
Ofzọ iji wepụ ihe na-eme ka ihe ndị ahụ wepụtara ma kewapụ ihe ndị extractacted site na ihe ọ bụla na-agwaghị agwa dị iche iche, ndepụta dị ka mmịpụta ọnya. Ọ bụ usoro mbufe oke nke na-enye ihe ndị na-enye ihe site na otu mmiri mmiri na nke ọzọ. Etinyela usoro mmịpụta ihe dị nro na mbụ na Petrochemical, Chemical Chemical, Videctoutical Chemistry, na nyocha kemịkal. Agbanyeghị, n'ime afọ iri anọ gara aga, n'ihi mmepe nke ndị sayensị na teknụzụ na-adịghị mma, yana mkpa imepụta ụlọ ọrụ na-adịghị mma na ụlọ ọrụ nuklia na ụkọ. China enwetala ọkwa dị elu na usoro ntụgharị, njikọta na itinye ọhụụ nke Excactants ọhụrụ, yana usoro mmịpụta maka ịdị omimi ụwa kewapụrụ iche. E jiri ya tụnyere usoro nkewa dị ka ihe mechara gwụ, kristal gụsịrị akwụkwọ, na nke ọma ike mmepụta dị ka ezigbo nkewa, ma dịkwa mfe iji nweta akpaka. Ya mere, o jiri nwayọ bụrụ isi usoro maka ikewapụta oke nkeỌdịda Alas.
Obere ụwa
Ihe Mmepụta Ngwaahịa
Ọrịa nke ọlaa na-eke kewara ekekọta nke ọma ma ọ bụ na otu ọlaỌrịa nke ọla. Ihe mejupụtara agwakọtaỌrịa nke ọlayiri nke a dị ụkọ n'ụwa mbụ, na otu ọla bụ igwe dị iche iche iche na nụchara anụcha nke ụwa ọ bụla. O siri ike belataOke ụwas (belụsọ maka oxides nkesajerium,Europe,, mmebis,ytterbium) N'ime otu ígwè na-eji usoro General metalallurgical, n'ihi oke okpomọkụ ha na nkwụsi ike ha. Ya mere, ihe a na-ejikarị akụrụngwa emepụta maka mmepụta nkeỌrịa nke ọlaN'ụbọchị ndị a bụ chlorides ha na fluory.
Nnu nnu electrolysis
Mkpokọta nke agwakọtaỌrịa nke ọlaNa ụlọ ọrụ na-eji nnu nnu electnholysis a na-atụ anya. E nwere ụzọ abụọ nke electrolysis: Chloride Electrolysis na Oxide electrolysis. Usoro nkwadebe nke otuỌrịa nke ọladịgasị dabere na mmewere.sajerium,Europe,mmebis,ytterbiumadaghị adaba maka nkwadebe electrolytic n'ihi nrụgide nke elu ha, kamakwa a kwadebere iji belata usoro emebi. Enwere ike ịkwadebe ihe ndị ọzọ site na electrolysis ma ọ bụ usoro mbelata.
Chloride Electrolysis bụ usoro kachasị maka ịmepụta ọla, ọkachasị maka mitas ụwa. Usoro dị mfe, ọnụ ahịa - nke dị obere, ma na-achọ itinye ego. Agbanyeghị, ịdọpụ nnukwu azụ bụ ntọhapụ nke gas chlorine, nke na-emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Oxide electrolysis adịghị ahapụ gas na-emerụ ahụ, mana ọnụ ahịa dịtụ elu. N'ozuzu, nnukwu ọnụ ahịaAla dị ụkọdị kaneodmiumnaPraseodmiumna-arụpụta site na ijixide electrolysis.
Usoro oghere eleckum electricysis nwere ike iji dozie ọkwa ụlọ ọrụ General GeneralỌrịa nke ọla. Iji kwadebeỌrịa nke ọlaNa adịghị ike na ịdị ọcha dị elu, a na-ejikarị usoro mbelata. Metalszọ a nwere ike imepụta ọla kọral ụwa niile, manasajerium,Europe,mmebis,ytterbiumenweghị ike ịmepụta iji usoro a. Ihe ndozi nkesajerium,Europe,mmebis,ytterbiumna calcium naanị na-ebelataỌdịda AlaFlu fluoride. N'ozuzu, nkwadebe nke ọla ndị a sitere na ụkpụrụ nke nrụgide dị elu nke mital ndị a na ala dị ala nkeLanthanum metals. Onyụ nke anọ ndị aAla dị ụkọna-agwakọta ya na iberibeLanthanum metalS na na gbakọrọ n'ime ihe mgbochi, ma belata na oke ọkụ.Lanthanumna-arụ ọrụ karịa, mgbesajerium,Europe,mmebis,ytterbiumna -ebelata ọla edolanthanumNakọtara na mgbochi, na-eme ka ọ dị mfe iche iche na slag.
Oge post: Nov-07-2023