Erbium, atomic nọmba 68, dị na 6th okirikiri nke chemical periodic table, lanthanide (IIIB otu) nọmba 11, atomic arọ 167.26, na element aha si nchoputa saịtị nke yttrium ụwa.
Erbiumnwere ọdịnaya nke 0.000247% na jikọrọ ọnụ ma dị na ọtụtụobere ụwamineral.Ọ dị na nkume ndị na-asọ oyi ma nwee ike nweta ya site na electrolysis na agbaze nke ErCl3.Ọ na-ejikọta ya na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ahụkebe dị elu na yttrium phosphate na ojiiobere ụwankwụnye ego ọla edo.
Ionicobere ụwamineral: Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, wdg na China.Phosphorus yttrium ore: Malaysia, Guangxi, Guangdong, China.Monazite: Ebe ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Australia, mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri India, Guangdong, China, na mpaghara Taiwan.
Ịchọpụta akụkọ ihe mere eme
Achọpụtara ya na 1843
Usoro nchọpụta: CG Mosander chọtara ya na 1843. O bu ụzọ kpọọ oxide nke erbium terbium oxide, ya mere na akwụkwọ mbụ,terbium oxidenaerbium oxidee gwakọtara.Ọ bụghị ruo mgbe 1860 gasịrị ka mgbazi dị mkpa.
N'otu oge ahụ dị ka chọpụtara nkelanthanum, Mossander nyochara ma mụọ yttrium nke mbụ achọpụtara, wee bipụta akụkọ na 1842, na-akọwapụta na ụwa yttrium nke mbụ chọpụtara abụghị otu elemental oxide, kama ọ bụ oxide nke ihe atọ.Ọ ka kpọkwara otu n'ime ha yttrium ụwa, na otu n'ime ha erbia (erbiumụwa).Akpọrọ akara mmewere dị ka Er.Nchọpụta nke erbium na ihe abụọ ọzọ,lanthanumnaterbium, meghere ụzọ nke abụọ ka nchọpụta nkeobere ụwaihe, na-akara ọkwa nke abụọ nke nchọpụta ha.Nchọpụta ha bụ nchọpụta nke atọobere ụwaọcha mgbe abụọ ọchaceriumnayttrium.
Nhazi elektrọn
Nhazi eletrọnịkị:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12
Nke mbụ ionization ike bụ 6.10 electron volts.Njirimara kemịkalụ na nke anụ ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke holium na dysprosium.
Ndị isotopes nke erbium gụnyere: 162Er, 164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er, 170Er.
Ọla
Erbiumbụ ọla ọcha na-acha ọcha ọla ọcha, dị nro na udidi, nke na-adịghị edozi na mmiri na soluble na acid.Nnu na oxides bụ pink na-acha uhie uhie na agba.Ebe mgbaze 1529 ° C, ebe esi esi 2863 ° C, njupụta 9.006 g / cm ³.
Erbiumbụ antiferromagnetic na obere okpomọkụ, ike ferromagnetic dị nso zuru oke efu, na bụ superconductor.
Erbiumna-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ oxidized site ikuku na mmiri na ụlọ okpomọkụ, na-akpata a rose red agba.
Ngwa:
Ọ bụ oxideEr2O3bụ ụcha uhie uhie nke eji eme ite glazed.Erbium oxidea na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ seramiiki na-emepụta enamel pink.
Erbiumnwekwara ụfọdụ ngwa n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nuklia na enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe alloy maka ọla ndị ọzọ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, dopingerbiumn'ime vanadium nwere ike welie ya ductility.
Ugbu a, ndị kasị pụta ìhè ojiji nkeerbiumbụ n'ichepụta nkeerbiumdoped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs).The bait doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) bụ nke mbụ University nke Southampton mepụtara na 1985. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ukwuu mepụtara na fiber optic nkwurịta okwu na ike ọbụna na-ekwu na ọ bụ "gas ọdụ" nke taa ogologo ozi superhighway.Erbiumeriri doped bụ isi nke ihe nkwuputa site na doping ntakịrị ihe erbium ion (Er3+) na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ime eriri quartz.Doping iri na otu narị ppm nke erbium n'ime eriri anya nwere ike kwụọ ụgwọ maka mfu ngwa anya na sistemu nkwukọrịta.Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers dị ka "ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri" nke ọkụ, na-ekwe ka a na-ebunye akara ngosi anya n'ebughị ụzọ si n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri gaa n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, si otú a na-emepe ụzọ nkà na ụzụ nke ọma maka nkwurịta okwu ogologo oge, ike dị elu, na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa fiber optic. .
Ngwa ọzọ hotspot nkeerbiumbụ laser, karịsịa dị ka ọgwụ laser ihe.ErbiumLaser bụ a siri ike-ala pulse laser na a wavelength nke 2940nm, nke nwere ike na-etinye obi gị dum site na mmiri ụmụ irighiri anụ ahụ mmadụ, na-enweta dị ịrịba ama pụta na obere ume.Ọ nwere ike bee nke ọma, gwerie ma wepụ anụ ahụ dị nro.A na-ejikwa laser Erbium YAG maka mmịpụta cataract.Erbiumakụrụngwa ọgwụgwọ laser na-emepe ebe ngwa ngwa na-abawanye ụba maka ịwa ahụ.
Erbiumenwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka ion na-arụ ọrụ maka ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe.ErbiumEnwere ike kewaa ihe ntụgharị laser ụzọ abụọ: otu kristal (fluoride, nnu nwere oxygen) na iko (fiber), dị ka erbium-doped yttrium aluminate (YAP: Er3 +) kristal na Er3 + doped ZBLAN fluoride (ZrF4-BaF2- LaF3-AlF3-NaF) eriri iko, nke bara uru ugbu a.BaYF5: Yb3+, Er3+ nwere ike ịtụgharị ìhè infrared ka ọ bụrụ ìhè a na-ahụ anya, a na-ejikwa ihe ngosi multiphoton a na-atụgharị anya nke ọma na ngwaọrụ ọhụụ abalị.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 25-2023