Bastnaesite
Neodymium, nọmba atomic 60, atomic arọ 144.24, nwere ọdịnaya nke 0.00239% na jikọrọ ọnụ, tumadi na monazite na bastnaesite.Enwere isotopes asaa nke neodymium n'okike:neodymium142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, na 150, yana neodymium 142 nwere ọdịnaya kachasị elu.Na ọmụmụ nkepraseodymiummmewere,neodymiummmewere pụtakwara.Ọbịbịa nkeneodymiumelement emela iheobere ụwaubi, rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa naobere ụwaubi, ma na-achịkwaobere ụwaahịa.
Nchọpụta nkeNeodymium
Karl von Welsbach (1858-1929), onye nchọpụta nkeNeodymium
N'afọ 1885, ọkà mmụta ọgwụ Austrian Carl Auer von Welsbach chọpụtaraneodymiumna Vienna.Ọ kewapụrụneodymiumnapraseodymiumsite na symmetricalneodymiumihe site na ikewapụ kristal ammonium dinitrate tetrahydrate na nitric acid, wee kewapụ ha site na nyocha spectral.Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ nanị na 1925 ka e kewapụrụ ha n'ụdị dị ọcha.
Kemgbe 1950s, ịdị ọcha dị elu (karịa 99%)neodymiumE nwetala nke ọma site na usoro mgbanwe ion nke monazite.A na-enweta metal n'onwe ya site na electrolysis nke nnu halide ya.Ugbu a, ọtụtụneodymiuma na-ewepụtara ya na nkume Bastana (Ce, La, Nd, Pr) CO3F ma sachaa ya site na mmịpụta ihe mgbaze.Edebere nchacha mgbanwe ion maka ịkwadebe ịdị ọcha kachasị elu (na-emekarị>99.99%).N'ihi na ihe isi ike na iwepu ikpeazụ metụtara nkepraseodymiumn'oge nrụpụta na-adabere na teknụzụ kristal nke nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ, n'ogeneodymiumiko arụpụtara na 1930 nwere acha odo odo ma ọ bụ oroma dị ọcha karịa ụdị ọgbara ọhụrụ.
Neodymium metalnwere luster ọla ọcha na-egbuke egbuke, ebe mgbaze nke 1024 Celsius C, yana njupụta nke 7.004g / cm ³, Ọ nwere paramagnetism.Neodymiumbụ otu n'ime ndị kacha arụ ọrụobere ụwa ọla, nke na-agba ọsọ ngwa ngwa ma na-agba ọchịchịrị n'ikuku, na-eme ka oyi akwa oxide na-apụ apụ, na-ekpughe metal ahụ maka oxidation ọzọ.N'ihi ya, a na-etinye ihe dị ka sentimita asatọneodymiumsample bụ kpamkpam oxidized n'ime otu afọ.Mee nwayọọ nwayọọ na mmiri oyi na ngwa ngwa na mmiri ọkụ.
Neodymiumeletrọnịkị okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu
Nhazi eletrọnịkị:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4
The laser arụmọrụ nkeneodymiumbụ n'ihi mgbanwe nke 4f orbital electrons n'etiti ọkwa ike dị iche iche.A na-eji ihe laser a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na nkwurịta okwu, nchekwa ozi, ọgwụgwọ ahụike, nhazi ígwè ọrụ, na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.N'etiti ha,yttrium aluminumGarnet Y3Al5O12: Nd (YAG: Nd) na-eji ọtụtụ ebe maka ọmarịcha arụmọrụ ya, yana Nd doped.gadolinium scandiumgallium garnet nwere arụmọrụ dị elu.
Ngwa nkeneodymium
Ndị kasị ibu ọrụ nkeneodymiumbụ neodymium ígwè boron ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide.Neodymium iron boron magnetik nwere ngwaahịa ike magnetik dị elu ma mara ya dị ka "eze nke ndọta na-adịgide adịgide" nke oge a.A na-eji ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ụlọ ọrụ dịka ngwá electronic na igwe n'ihi arụmọrụ ha dị mma.Francis Wall, bụ́ prọfesọ nke itinye n'ọrụ n'ịgbapụta ihe na Cumburn School of Mining na Mahadum Exeter dị na UK, kwuru, sị: “N'ihe banyere magnetik, ọ dịghị asọmpi ọ bụla n'ezie.neodymium"Ọganihu mmepe nke alfa magnetik spectrometer na-egosi na ihe ndọta dị iche iche nke China nke neodymium iron boron magnets eruola ọkwa ụwa.
Neodymium magnet na diski ike
Neodymiumenwere ike iji rụpụta ceramik, iko na-acha odo odo na-egbuke egbuke, rubies artificial na lasers, na iko pụrụ iche nke nwere ike nyochaa ụzarị infrared.Eji ọnụ napraseodymiumime enyo maka ndị ọrụ na-afụ iko.
Na-agbakwụnye 1.5% na 2.5% nanoneodymium oxidena magnesium ma ọ bụ aluminum alloys nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ okpomọkụ dị elu, ikuku ikuku, na nguzogide corrosion nke alloy, ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe ikuku ikuku.
Nanometeryttrium aluminumgarnet dopped naneodymium oxidena-emepụta obere ebili mmiri laser dị mkpụmkpụ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ maka ịgbado ọkụ na ịcha ihe ndị dị mkpa na ọkpụrụkpụ nke na-erughị 10mm.
Nd: ogwe laser YAG
Na omume ahụike, nanoyttrium aluminumGarnet lasers doped na nanoỊdị ọcha dị elu 99.9% Neodymium Oxide CAS Mba 1313-97-9 (epomaterial.com)a na-eji kama mma ịwa ahụ iji wepụ ọnya ịwa ahụ ma ọ bụ kpochapụ ọnya.
NeodymiumA na-eme iko site na ịgbakwunyeneodymium oxideka iko gbazee.Ọtụtụ mgbe, lavender na-apụtaneodymiumiko n'okpuru ìhè anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ìhè incandescent, mana ọ na-apụta ìhè na-acha anụnụ anụnụ n'okpuru ọkụ fluorescent.Neodymiumenwere ike iji agba agba agba dị nro nke iko dị ka violet dị ọcha, burgundy, na isi awọ na-ekpo ọkụ.
Neodymiumiko
Site na mmepe nke sayensị na teknụzụ yana mgbasawanye na ịgbatị teknụzụ ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe,neodymiumga-enwe ohere sara mbara maka itinye n'ọrụ.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 26-2023